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Zappa F, Intartaglia D, Guarino AM, De Cegli R, Wilson C, Salierno FG, Polishchuk E, Sorrentino NC, Conte I, De Matteis MA. Role of trafficking protein particle complex 2 in medaka development. Traffic 2024; 25:e12924. [PMID: 37963679 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal dysplasia spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is caused by mutations in the TRAPPC2 gene, which encodes Sedlin, a component of the trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex that we have shown previously to be required for the export of type II collagen (Col2) from the endoplasmic reticulum. No vertebrate model for SEDT has been generated thus far. To address this gap, we generated a Sedlin knockout animal by mutating the orthologous TRAPPC2 gene (olSedl) of Oryzias latipes (medaka) fish. OlSedl deficiency leads to embryonic defects, short size, diminished skeletal ossification and altered Col2 production and secretion, resembling human defects observed in SEDT patients. Moreover, SEDT knock-out animals display photoreceptor degeneration and gut morphogenesis defects, suggesting a key role for Sedlin in the development of these organs. Thus, by studying Sedlin function in vivo, we provide evidence for a mechanistic link between TRAPPC2-mediated membrane trafficking, Col2 export, and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Daniela Intartaglia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Andrea M Guarino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Nicolina Cristina Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Lou G, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Hao B, Qin L, Liu H, Liao S. Functional analysis of a novel nonsense variant c.91A>T of the TRAPPC2 gene in a Chinese family with X-linked recessive autosomal spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. Front Genet 2023; 14:1216592. [PMID: 37693308 PMCID: PMC10492639 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1216592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is a condition involving late-onset, X-linked recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in the TRAPPC2 gene. In this paper, we identified a novel nonsense variant in a SEDT pedigree and analyzed the function of the variant in an attempt to explain the new pathogenesis of the TRAPPC2 protein in SEDT. Briefly, DNA and RNA samples from the peripheral blood of SEDT individuals were prepared. The causative variant in the Chinese SEDT family was identified by clinic whole-exome sequencing analysis. Then, we observed the mRNA expression of TRAPPC2 in patients and the mutant TRAPPC2 level in vitro and analyzed the protein stability and subcellular distribution by cell fluorescence and Western blotting. We also investigated the effect of TRAPPC2 knockdown on the expression and secretion of COL2A1 in SW1353 cells or primary human chondrocytes. Herein, we found a nonsense variant, c.91A>T, of the TRAPPC2 gene in the pedigree. TRAPPC2 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the available peripheral blood cell samples of two affected patients. An in vitro study showed that the mutant plasmid exhibited significantly lower mRNA and protein of TRAPPC2, and the mutant protein changed its membrane distribution. TRAPPC2 knockdown resulted in decreased COL2A1 expression and collagen II secretions. Our data indicate that the novel nonsense variant, c.91A>T, of the TRAPPC2 gene is the cause of SEDT in this pedigree. The variant results in a lowered expression of TRAPPC2 and then affects the COL2A1 expression and collagen II secretions, which may explain the mechanism of loss of function of the variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Lou
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiru Zhao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Litao Qin
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Liu, ; Shixiu Liao,
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Zhang C, Du C, Ye J, Ye F, Wang R, Luo X, Liang Y. A novel deletion variant in TRAPPC2 causes spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda in a five-generation Chinese family. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:117. [PMID: 32471379 PMCID: PMC7260818 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited osteochondrodysplasia caused by mutations in the TRAPPC2 gene. It is clinically characterized by disproportionate short stature and early onset of degenerative osteoarthritis. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging due to the late-onset of the disease and lack of systemic metabolic abnomalites. Genetic diagnosis is critical in both early diagnosis and management of the disease. Here we reported a five-generation Chinese SEDT family and described the novel molecular findings. Methods Detailed family history and clinical data were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood samples of family members. The exons of genes known to be associated with skeletal disorders were captured and deep sequenced. Variants were annotated by ANNOVAR and associated with multiple databases. Putative variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The identified variant was classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria. Results The proband was a 27-year-old Chinese male who presented with short-trunk short stature and joint pain. His radiographs showed platyspondyly with posterior humping, narrow hip-joint surfaces, and pelvic osteosclerosis. A pedigree analysis of 5 generations with 6 affected males revealed an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. Affected males were diagnosed as SEDT according to the clinical and radiological features. Next-generation sequencing identified a novel variant of c.216_217del in the exon 4 of TRAPPC2 gene in the proband and other affected males. This variant resulted in the shift of reading frame and early termination of protein translation (p.S73Gfs*15). The mother and maternal female relatives of the proband were heterozygous carriers of the same variant, while no variations were detected in this gene of his father and other unaffected males. Based on the ACMG criteria, the novel c.216_217del variant of the TRAPPC2 gene was the pathogenic variant of this SEDT family. Conclusion In this study we identified the novel pathogenic variant of of c.216_217del in the gene of TRAPPC2 in this five-generation Chinese SEDT family. Our findings expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of SEDT and helps the genetic diagnosis of SEDT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiqi Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renfa Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Won JY, Kim D, Park SY, Lee HR, Lim JS, Park JH, Song MH, Song HR, Kim OH, Kim Y, Cho TJ. Novel loss-of-function variants of TRAPPC2 manifesting X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: report of two cases. BMC Med Genet 2019; 20:70. [PMID: 31053099 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT-XL) is a skeletal disorder characterized by defective structures of vertebral bodies and/or of epiphyses of the long bones, resulting in moderately short stature and early joint degeneration. TRAPPC2 gene, which is important for collagen secretion, has been reported as causative for SEDT-XL. Case presentation Here, we report two variants of TRAPPC2 gene of SEDT-XL patients, a missense variant of start codon, c.1A > T, and a deletion variant, c.40delG. To understand molecular consequence of the variants, we establish an in vitro gene expression assay system and demonstrate that both mutated genes are transcribed, but are not properly translated, indicative of the pathogenic nature of those TRAPPC2 variants. Conclusions In the current study, we provide additional experimental data showing that loss-of-function TRAPPC2 variants are probably causative for SEDT-XL phenotype. These findings further contribute to the understanding the clinical picture related to TRAPPC2 gene.
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Fukuma M, Takagi M, Shimazu T, Imamura H, Yagi H, Nishimura G, Hasegawa T. A familial case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda caused by a novel splice site mutation in TRAPPC2. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:193-196. [PMID: 30083037 PMCID: PMC6073055 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Fukuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shimazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hoseki Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wen J, Hanna CW, Martell S, Leung PC, Lewis SM, Robinson WP, Stephenson MD, Rajcan-Separovic E. Functional consequences of copy number variants in miscarriage. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:6. [PMID: 25674159 PMCID: PMC4324423 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of unique copy number variations (CNVs) in miscarriages suggests that their integral genes have a role in maintaining early pregnancy. In our previous work, we identified 19 unique CNVs in ~40% of studied euploid miscarriages, which were predominantly familial in origin. In our current work, we assessed their relevance to miscarriage by expression analysis of 14 genes integral to CNVs in available miscarriage chorionic villi. As familial CNVs could cause miscarriage due to imprinting effect, we investigated the allelic expression of one of the genes (TIMP2) previously suggested to be maternally expressed in placenta and involved in placental remodelling and embryo development. Results Six out of fourteen genes had detectable expression in villi and for three genes the RNA and protein expression was altered due to maternal CNVs. These genes were integral to duplication on Xp22.2 (TRAPPC2 and OFD1) or disrupted by a duplication mapping to 17q25.3 (TIMP2). RNA and protein expression was increased for TRAPPC2 and OFD1 and reduced for TIMP2 in carrier miscarriages. The three genes have roles in processes important for pregnancy development such as extracellular matrix homeostasis (TIMP2 and TRAPPC2) and cilia function (OFD1). TIMP2 allelic expression was not affected by the CNV in miscarriages in comparison to control elective terminations. Conclusion We propose that functional studies of CNVs could help determine if and how the miscarriage CNVs affect the expression of integral genes. In case of parental CNVs, assessment of the function of their integral genes in parental reproductive tissues should be also considered in the future, especially if they affect processes relevant for pregnancy development and support. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0109-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5 Canada.,Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Courtney W Hanna
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
| | - Peter Ck Leung
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6Z 2 K5 Canada
| | - Suzanne Me Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612 USA
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5 Canada.,Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4 Canada
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Adachi H, Takahashi I, Takahashi T. Novel TRAPPC2 mutation in a boy with X-linked spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:925-928. [PMID: 25521980 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X-linked spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is an X-linked recessive, late-onset, progressive skeletal disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate short-trunked short stature. X-linked SEDT is caused by mutations in the gene TRAPPC2, which is located on chromosome Xp22. In the present study, we identified a novel splice-site mutation, c.93+1G>A, in TRAPPC2 in a 9-year-old Japanese patient who had X-linked SEDT and no family history of the disease. On reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the mutation resulted in a 4 bp frame-shift insertion between exon 3 and exon 4. The present case highlights the importance of genetic analysis for confirmatory diagnosis of X-linked SEDT, especially in cases without a positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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8
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Roberts JL, Hovanes K, Dasouki M, Manzardo AM, Butler MG. Chromosomal microarray analysis of consecutive individuals with autism spectrum disorders or learning disability presenting for genetic services. Gene 2014; 535:70-8. [PMID: 24188901 PMCID: PMC4423794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray analysis is now commonly used in clinical practice to identify copy number variants (CNVs) in the human genome. We report our experience with the use of the 105 K and 180K oligonucleotide microarrays in 215 consecutive patients referred with either autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or developmental delay/learning disability for genetic services at the University of Kansas Medical Center during the past 4 years (2009-2012). Of the 215 patients [140 males and 75 females (male/female ratio=1.87); 65 with ASD and 150 with learning disability], abnormal microarray results were seen in 45 individuals (21%) with a total of 49 CNVs. Of these findings, 32 represented a known diagnostic CNV contributing to the clinical presentation and 17 represented non-diagnostic CNVs (variants of unknown significance). Thirteen patients with ASD had a total of 14 CNVs, 6 CNVs recognized as diagnostic and 8 as non-diagnostic. The most common chromosome involved in the ASD group was chromosome 15. For those with a learning disability, 32 patients had a total of 35 CNVs. Twenty-six of the 35 CNVs were classified as a known diagnostic CNV, usually a deletion (n=20). Nine CNVs were classified as an unknown non-diagnostic CNV, usually a duplication (n=8). For the learning disability subgroup, chromosomes 2 and 22 were most involved. Thirteen out of 65 patients (20%) with ASD had a CNV compared with 32 out of 150 patients (21%) with a learning disability. The frequency of chromosomal microarray abnormalities compared by subject group or gender was not statistically different. A higher percentage of individuals with a learning disability had clinical findings of seizures, dysmorphic features and microcephaly, but not statistically significant. While both groups contained more males than females, a significantly higher percentage of males were present in the ASD group.
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Key Words
- A2BP1
- ACADL
- ACOXL
- ADIPOQ
- ALS2 chromosome region gene 8
- ALS2CR8
- ANKRD11
- ANOVA
- ASD
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- BAC
- BCL2-like 11 gene
- BCL2L11
- CACNA1C
- CHRNA7
- CNV
- COBL
- CT
- Chromosomal microarray analysis
- Copy number variant (CNV)
- DLG1
- DLG4
- DNA
- Developmental delay
- EEF1B2
- EEG
- F-box only 45 gene
- FAM117B
- FAT tumor suppressor 1 gene
- FAT1
- FBXO45
- FISH
- FXR2
- FZD5
- GALR1
- GATA zinc finger domain-containing protein 2B gene
- GATAD2B
- GDNF-inducible zinc finger protein 1 gene
- GZF1
- HAX1
- HCLS1-associated protein X1 gene
- HDAC
- IDH1
- IL1RAPL1
- ITPR1
- KLF7
- KNG1
- LINS
- LMNA
- Learning disability
- MAP2
- MBP
- MRPL19
- MYL1
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase Fe-S protein 1 gene
- NDUFS1
- NLGN2
- NPHP1
- NRXN1
- PAK2
- PARK2
- PMP22
- POLG
- PRPF8
- PTEN
- PTH2R
- RPE
- SACS
- SD
- SH2B adaptor protein 1 gene
- SH2B1
- SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 gene
- SHANK3
- SHOX
- SMARCA4
- STAG2
- SUMF1
- SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member gene
- TRAPPC2
- UCSC
- USP6
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis gene
- XIAP
- YWHAE
- ZNF407
- aCGH
- acyl-coA dehydrogenase, long chain gene
- acyl-coA oxidase-like gene
- adipocyte-, C1q-, and collagen domain containing gene
- analysis of variance
- ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 11 gene
- array comparative genomic hybridization
- ataxin 2-binding protein 1 gene
- autism spectrum disorder
- bacterial artificial chromosome
- calcium channel, voltage dependent, L-type, alpha 1C subunit gene
- cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 gene
- computed tomography
- copy number variant
- cordon-bleu gene
- deoxyribonucleic acid
- discs, large homolog 1 gene
- discs, large homolog 4 gene
- electroencephalogram
- eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1, beta-2 gene
- family with sequence similarity 117, member B gene
- fluorescence in situ hybridization
- fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 2 gene
- frizzled 5 gene
- galanin receptor 1 gene
- histone deacetylase gene
- inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1 gene
- interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 gene
- isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene
- kininogen 1 gene
- kruppel-like factor 7 gene
- lamin A gene
- lines homolog gene
- microtubule-associated protein 2 gene
- mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19 gene
- myelin basic protein gene
- myosin, light peptide 1 gene
- nephrocystin 1 gene
- neurexin 1 gene
- neuroligin 2 gene
- parathyroid hormone receptor 2 gene
- parkin gene
- peripheral myelin protein 22 gene
- phosphatase and tensin homolog gene
- polymerase gamma gene
- precursor mRNA-processing factor 8 gene
- protein-activated kinase 2 gene
- ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase gene
- sacsin gene
- short stature homeobox gene
- standard deviation
- stromal antigen 2 gene
- sulfatase-modifying factor 1 gene
- tracking protein particle complex, subunit 2 gene
- tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon isoform gene
- ubiquitin-specific protease 6 gene
- zinc finger protein 407 gene
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Roberts
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, The University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ann M Manzardo
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, The University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, The University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Taussig D, Lipatova Z, Segev N. Trs20 is required for TRAPP III complex assembly at the PAS and its function in autophagy. Traffic 2014; 15:327-37. [PMID: 24329977 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The modular TRAPP complex acts as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ypt/Rab GTPases. Whereas TRAPP I and TRAPP II regulate the exocytic pathway, TRAPP III functions in autophagy. The TRAPP subunit Trs20 is not required for assembly of core TRAPP or its Ypt1 GEF activity. Interestingly, mutations in the human functional ortholog of Trs20, Sedlin, cause spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT), a cartilage-specific disorder. We have shown that Trs20 is required for TRAPP II assembly and identified a SEDT-linked mutation, Trs20-D46Y, which causes a defect in this process. Here we show that Trs20 is also required for assembly of TRAPP III at the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS). First, recombinant Trs85, a TRAPP III-specific subunit, associates with TRAPP only in the presence of Trs20, but not Trs20-D46Y mutant protein. Second, a TRAPP complex with Ypt1 GEF activity co-precipitates with Trs85 from wild type, but not trs20ts mutant, cell lysates. Third, live-cell colocalization analysis indicates that Trs85 recruits core TRAPP to the PAS via the linker protein Trs20. Finally, trs20ts mutant cells are defective in selective and non-selective autophagy. Together, our results show that Trs20 plays a role as an adaptor in the assembly of TRAPP II and TRAPP III complexes, and the SEDT-linked mutation causes a defect in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taussig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Abstract
The main function of skeletal system is to support the body and help movement. A variety of factors can lead to skeletal system disease, including age, exercise, and of course genetic makeup and expression. Pre-mRNA splicing plays a crucial role in gene expression, by creating multiple protein variants with different biological functions. The recent studies show that several skeletal system diseases are related to pre-mRNA splicing. This review focuses on the relationship between pre-mRNA splicing and skeletal system disease. On the one hand, splice site mutation that leads to aberrant splicing often causes genetic skeletal system disease, like COL1A1, SEDL and LRP5. On the other hand, alternative splicing without genomic mutation may generate some marker protein isoforms, for example, FN, VEGF and CD44. Therefore, understanding the relationship between pre-mRNA splicing and skeletal system disease will aid in uncovering the mechanism of disease and contribute to the future development of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Ryu H, Park J, Chae H, Kim M, Kim Y, Ok IY. X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: Identification of a TRAPPC2 mutation in a Korean pedigree. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:234-7. [PMID: 22563562 PMCID: PMC3339307 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) comprises a heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias that primarily affect the epiphyses and vertebral bodies. Patients affected by SED usually exhibit short stature and experience early development of degenerative osteoarthritis. SED is subdivided into congenita and tarda forms according to the age at onset and clinical severity, and further subdivided into genetically different forms according to the mode of inheritance and the gene involved. We report a 14-yr-old Korean male who presented with a disproportionately short stature and a short trunk. A pedigree analysis of 3 generations with 6 affected persons revealed an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. Mutation analysis of the TRAPPC2 (previously called SEDL) gene, the only gene associated with X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X-linked SEDT; MIM 313400), was performed, and a splice-donor site mutation in intron 3 of the TRAPPC2 gene (c.93+5G>A) was identified in the proband and in his unaffected mother (a heterozygote). This mutation is one of the 2 most frequent mutations reported in the medical literature, and is known to result in exon 3 skipping. This is the first report of a genetically confirmed X-linked SEDT case in Korea and highlights the importance of recognizing the mode of inheritance in the diagnosis of X-linked SEDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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