3
|
Kim S, Chowdhury T, Yu HJ, Kahng JY, Lee CE, Choi SA, Kim KM, Kang H, Lee JH, Lee ST, Won JK, Kim KH, Kim MS, Lee JY, Kim JW, Kim YH, Kim TM, Choi SH, Phi JH, Shin YK, Ku JL, Lee S, Yun H, Lee H, Kim D, Kim K, Hur JK, Park SH, Kim SK, Park CK. The telomere maintenance mechanism spectrum and its dynamics in gliomas. Genome Med 2022; 14:88. [PMID: 35953846 PMCID: PMC9367055 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activation of the telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is one of the critical drivers of cancer cell immortality. In gliomas, TERT expression and TERT promoter mutation are considered to reliably indicate telomerase activation, while ATRX mutation and/or loss indicates an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). However, these relationships have not been extensively validated in tumor tissues. Methods Telomerase repeated amplification protocol (TRAP) and C-circle assays were used to profile and characterize the TMM cross-sectionally (n = 412) and temporally (n = 133) across glioma samples. WES, RNA-seq, and NanoString analyses were performed to identify and validate the genetic characteristics of the TMM groups. Results We show through the direct measurement of telomerase activity and ALT in a large set of glioma samples that the TMM in glioma cannot be defined solely by the combination of telomerase activity and ALT, regardless of TERT expression, TERT promoter mutation, and ATRX loss. Moreover, we observed that a considerable proportion of gliomas lacked both telomerase activity and ALT. This telomerase activation-negative and ALT negative group exhibited evidence of slow growth potential. By analyzing a set of longitudinal samples from a separate cohort of glioma patients, we discovered that the TMM is not fixed and can change with glioma progression. Conclusions This study suggests that the TMM is dynamic and reflects the plasticity and oncogenicity of tumor cells. Direct measurement of telomerase enzyme activity and evidence of ALT should be considered when defining TMM. An accurate understanding of the TMM in glioma is expected to provide important information for establishing cancer management strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01095-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamrin Chowdhury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Ye Kahng
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Shin
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|