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Pathak H, Kaur K, Suneja Y, Singh G, Vikal Y, Kaur G. Effect of irrigation on wild and inbred maize with relation to the antioxidant status of pollens, flag leaves, and developing grains. Protoplasma 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01926-1. [PMID: 38236419 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The investigation was carried out to evaluate the net effect of limited irrigation on the antioxidant status of pollens, flag leaves, and developing grains of wild and inbred maize lines. Teosinte pollens showed the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and peroxidase (POX) under stressful conditions while LM 11 showed a significant decrease in APX, CAT, GR, and GST activities. Limited irrigations increased the contents of superoxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) to maximum levels in LM 11 leaves. The pollens, leaves, and developing grains of teosinte had the highest content of total phenols. Proline was maximum in the developing grains of teosinte and CML 32 while lowest in those of LM 11. Principal component analysis showed that LM 11 genotype and the respective antioxidant enzymes were in completely opposite quadrants. Chord analysis showed that CAT activity and total phenol content in pollens, leaves, and developing grains contributed towards most of the variations observed in teosinte and might be responsible for managing the yield attributes of genotype during stress conditions. The pollens and leaves of teosinte, with significant SOD activity, further helped in optimizing plant yield, under stressful conditions. CML 32 occupied intermediate position owing to the unaffected activities of most of the antioxidant enzymes and high content of antioxidants in its tissues. It may be concluded that the overall antioxidant status of tissues decides the tolerance behavior of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Yadhu Suneja
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Chen Z, Hu K, Yin Y, Tang D, Ni J, Li P, Wang L, Rong T, Liu J. Identification of a major QTL and genome-wide epistatic interactions for single vs. paired spikelets in a maize- teosinte F 2 population. Mol Breed 2022; 42:9. [PMID: 37309321 PMCID: PMC10248651 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize ear carries paired spikelets, whereas the ear of its wild ancestor, teosinte, bears single spikelets. However, little is known about the genetic basis of the processes of transformation of single spikelets in teosinte ear to paired spikelets in maize ear. In this study, a two-ranked, paired-spikelets primitive maize and a two-ranked, single-spikelet teosinte were utilized to develop an F2 population, and quantitative trait locus (loci) (QTL) mapping for single vs. paired spikelets (PEDS) was performed. One major QTL (qPEDS3.1) for PEDS located on chromosome 3S was identified in the 162 F2 plants using the inclusive composite interval mapping of additive (ICIM-ADD) module, explaining 23.79% of the phenotypic variance. Out of the 409 F2 plants, 43 plants with PEDS = 0% and 43 plants with PEDS > 20% were selected for selective genotyping, and the QTL (qPEDS3.1) was detected again. Moreover, the QTL (qPEDS3.1) was validated in three environments, which explained 31.05%, 38.94%, and 23.16% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In addition, 50 epistatic QTLs were detected in the 162 F2 plants using the two-locus epistatic QTL (ICIM-EPI) module; they were distributed on all 10 chromosomes and explained 94.40% of the total phenotypic variance. The results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of domestication of paired spikelets and provide a genetic resource for future map-based cloning; in addition, the systematic dissection of epistatic interactions underlies a theoretical framework for overcoming epistatic effects on QTL fine mapping. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01276-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, No.159 Huajin Avenue, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu, 610300 Sichuan China
| | - Kun Hu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yong Yin
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Dengguo Tang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jixing Ni
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Peng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Le Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Zhang X, Lu M, Xia A, Xu T, Cui Z, Zhang R, Liu W, He Y. Genetic analysis of three maize husk traits by QTL mapping in a maize- teosinte population. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:386. [PMID: 34034669 PMCID: PMC8152318 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maize husk consists of numerous leafy layers and plays vital roles in protecting the ear from pathogen infection and dehydration. Teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, has about three layers of small husk outer covering the ear. Although several quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying husk morphology variation have been reported, the genetic basis of husk traits between teosinte and maize remains unclear. RESULTS A linkage population including 191 BC2F8 inbred lines generated from the maize line Mo17 and the teosinte line X26-4 was used to identify QTL associated with three husk traits: i.e., husk length (HL), husk width (HW) and the number of husk layers (HN). The best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) depicted wide phenotypic variation and high heritability of all three traits. The HL exhibited greater correlation with HW than HN. A total of 4 QTLs were identified including 1, 1, 2, which are associated with HL, HW and HN, respectively. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs was 9.6, 8.9 and 8.1% for HL, HN and HW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The QTLs identified in this study will pave a path to explore candidate genes regulating husk growth and development, and benefit the molecular breeding program based on molecular marker-assisted selection to cultivate maize varieties with an ideal husk morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, China
| | - Aiai Xia
- Sanya institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tieling, 112000, China
| | - Zhenhai Cui
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Liaoning Province Research Center of Plant Genetic Engineering Technology, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Wenguo Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136100, China.
| | - Yan He
- Sanya institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Abstract
Maize is an excellent model for the study of plant adaptation. Indeed, post domestication maize quickly adapted to a host of new environments across the globe. And work over the last decade has begun to highlight the role of the wild relatives of maize-the teosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana-as excellent models for dissecting long-term local adaptation.Although human-driven selection associated with maize domestication has been extensively studied, the genetic basis of natural variation is still poorly understood. Here we review studies on the genetic basis of adaptation and plasticity in maize and its wild relatives. We highlight a range of different processes that contribute to adaptation and discuss evidence from natural, cultivated, and experimental populations. From an applied perspective, understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and the contribution of plasticity will provide us with new tools to both better understand and mitigate the effect of climate changes on natural and cultivated populations.
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Gonzalez-Segovia E, Pérez-Limon S, Cíntora-Martínez GC, Guerrero-Zavala A, Janzen GM, Hufford MB, Ross-Ibarra J, Sawers RJH. Characterization of introgression from the teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana to Mexican highland maize. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6815. [PMID: 31110920 PMCID: PMC6501764 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of maize cultivation to the highlands of central Mexico was accompanied by substantial introgression from the endemic wild teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana, prompting the hypothesis that the transfer of beneficial variation facilitated local adaptation. Methods We used whole-genome sequence data to map regions of Zea mays ssp. mexicana introgression in three Mexican highland maize individuals. We generated a genetic linkage map and performed Quantitative Trait Locus mapping in an F2 population derived from a cross between lowland and highland maize individuals. Results Introgression regions ranged in size from several hundred base pairs to Megabase-scale events. Gene density within introgression regions was comparable to the genome as a whole, and over 1,000 annotated genes were located within introgression events. Quantitative Trait Locus mapping identified a small number of loci linked to traits characteristic of Mexican highland maize. Discussion Although there was no strong evidence to associate quantitative trait loci with regions of introgression, we nonetheless identified many Mexican highland alleles of introgressed origin that carry potentially functional sequence variants. The impact of introgression on stress tolerance and yield in the highland environment remains to be fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gonzalez-Segovia
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sergio Pérez-Limon
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - G Carolina Cíntora-Martínez
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Guerrero-Zavala
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Garrett M Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew B Hufford
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Center for Population Biology, and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruairidh J H Sawers
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Arteaga MC, Moreno-Letelier A, Mastretta-Yanes A, Vázquez-Lobo A, Breña-Ochoa A, Moreno-Estrada A, Eguiarte LE, Piñero D. Genomic variation in recently collected maize landraces from Mexico. Genom Data 2016; 7:38-45. [PMID: 26981357 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.4t20n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present dataset comprises 36,931 SNPs genotyped in 46 maize landraces native to Mexico as well as the teosinte subspecies Zea maiz ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana. These landraces were collected directly from farmers mostly between 2006 and 2010. We accompany these data with a short description of the variation within each landrace, as well as maps, principal component analyses and neighbor joining trees showing the distribution of the genetic diversity relative to landrace, geographical features and maize biogeography. High levels of genetic variation were detected for the maize landraces (H E = 0.234 to 0.318 (mean 0.311), while slightly lower levels were detected in Zea m. mexicana and Zea m. parviglumis (H E = 0.262 and 0.234, respectively). The distribution of genetic variation was better explained by environmental variables given by the interaction of altitude and latitude than by landrace identity. This dataset is a follow up product of the Global Native Maize Project, an initiative to update the data on Mexican maize landraces and their wild relatives, and to generate information that is necessary for implementing the Mexican Biosafety Law.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Clara Arteaga
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Alejandra Moreno-Letelier
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- CONACYT Research Fellow - Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico, Liga Periférico - Insurgentes Sur, No. 4903, 14010, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Breña-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Piñero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
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Arteaga MC, Moreno-Letelier A, Mastretta-Yanes A, Vázquez-Lobo A, Breña-Ochoa A, Moreno-Estrada A, Eguiarte LE, Piñero D. Genomic variation in recently collected maize landraces from Mexico. Genom Data 2016; 7:38-45. [PMID: 26981357 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present dataset comprises 36,931 SNPs genotyped in 46 maize landraces native to Mexico as well as the teosinte subspecies Zea maiz ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana. These landraces were collected directly from farmers mostly between 2006 and 2010. We accompany these data with a short description of the variation within each landrace, as well as maps, principal component analyses and neighbor joining trees showing the distribution of the genetic diversity relative to landrace, geographical features and maize biogeography. High levels of genetic variation were detected for the maize landraces (HE = 0.234 to 0.318 (mean 0.311), while slightly lower levels were detected in Zea m. mexicana and Zea m. parviglumis (HE = 0.262 and 0.234, respectively). The distribution of genetic variation was better explained by environmental variables given by the interaction of altitude and latitude than by landrace identity. This dataset is a follow up product of the Global Native Maize Project, an initiative to update the data on Mexican maize landraces and their wild relatives, and to generate information that is necessary for implementing the Mexican Biosafety Law.
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Vann L, Kono T, Pyhäjärvi T, Hufford MB, Ross-Ibarra J. Natural variation in teosinte at the domestication locus teosinte branched1 (tb1). PeerJ 2015; 3:e900. [PMID: 25909039 PMCID: PMC4406365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The teosinte branched1(tb1) gene is a major QTL controlling branching differences between maize and its wild progenitor, teosinte. The insertion of a transposable element (Hopscotch) upstream of tb1 is known to enhance the gene’s expression, causing reduced tillering in maize. Observations of the maize tb1 allele in teosinte and estimates of an insertion age of the Hopscotch that predates domestication led us to investigate its prevalence and potential role in teosinte. We assessed the prevalence of the Hopscotch element across an Americas-wide sample of 837 maize and teosinte individuals using a co-dominant PCR assay. Additionally, we calculated population genetic summaries using sequence data from a subset of individuals from four teosinte populations and collected phenotypic data using seed from a single teosinte population where Hopscotch was found segregating at high frequency. Genotyping results indicate the Hopscotch element is found in a number of teosinte populations and linkage disequilibrium near tb1 does not support recent introgression from maize. Population genetic signatures are consistent with selection on the tb1 locus, revealing a potential ecological role, but a greenhouse experiment does not detect a strong association between the Hopscotch and tillering in teosinte. Our findings suggest the role of Hopscotch differs between maize and teosinte. Future work should assess tb1 expression levels in teosinte with and without the Hopscotch and more comprehensively phenotype teosinte to assess the ecological significance of the Hopscotch insertion and, more broadly, the tb1 locus in teosinte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
| | - Thomas Kono
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA ; Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota , Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA ; Department of Biology, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Matthew B Hufford
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa , USA
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , Davis, CA , USA ; Center for Population Biology and Genome Center, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
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