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Apostolov R, Gianatti E, Wong D, Kutaiba N, Gow P, Grossmann M, Sinclair M. Testosterone therapy reduces hepatic steatosis in men with type 2 diabetes and low serum testosterone concentrations. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:754-765. [PMID: 35646271 PMCID: PMC9099110 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in people with diabetes with no available treatment.
AIM To explore the effect of testosterone treatment on liver. Testosterone therapy improves insulin resistance and reduces total body fat, but its impact on the liver remains poorly studied.
METHODS This secondary analysis of a 40 wk, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in men with type 2 diabetes and lowered serum testosterone concentrations evaluated the change in hepatic steatosis as measured by liver fat fraction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
RESULTS Of 88 patients enrolled in the index study, 39 had liver MRIs of whom 20 received testosterone therapy and 19 received placebo. All patients had > 5% hepatic steatosis at baseline and 38 of 39 patients met diagnostic criteria for NAFLD. Median liver fat at baseline was 15.0% (IQR 11.5%-21.1%) in the testosterone and 18.4% (15.0%-28.9%) in the placebo group. Median ALT was 34units/L (26-38) in the testosterone and 32units/L (25-52) in the placebo group. At week 40, patients receiving testosterone had a median reduction in absolute liver fat of 3.5% (IQR 2.9%-6.4%) compared with an increase of 1.2% in the placebo arm (between-group difference 4.7% P < 0.001). After controlling for baseline liver fat, testosterone therapy was associated with a relative reduction in liver fat of 38.3% (95% confidence interval 25.4%-49.0%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Testosterone therapy was associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis in men with diabetes and low serum testosterone. Future randomised studies of testosterone therapy in men with NAFLD focusing on liver-related endpoints are therefore justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Apostolov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Gianatti
- Department of Endocrinology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Numan Kutaiba
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
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Liu Y, Fan L, Wang X, Gong C. Exploring the efficacy of testosterone undecanoate in male children with 5α-reductase deficiency. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:249-254. [PMID: 34938965 PMCID: PMC8666940 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (5α-RD) and hypospadias present with micropenis, which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient tissue for urethral reconstruction. OBJECTIVE We investigated the therapeutic effects of oral testosterone undecanoate and established a standard androgen treatment protocol for patients with 5α-RD with micropenis. METHODS Patients with 5α-RD were treated with oral testosterone undecanoate for 3 months as a course. All patients were treated with no more than 3 courses. If the penile length (PL) reached 2.5 cm (the minimum criterion for surgery) or greater than or equal to -2.5 standard deviations (SDs) (lower limit of normal), testosterone undecanoate was considered to be effective. RESULTS The median age of 90 patients with 5α-RD was 1.7 years (0.9, 3.1 years). The baseline PL was 1.9 ± 0.6 cm before treatment. At the end of the first course, the PL of 63 patients (70%) reached 2.5 cm, and 49 patients (54%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After two treatment courses, the PL of 81 patients (90%) reached 2.5 cm, and 90 patients (100%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After three courses, the PL of all patients reached 2.5 cm, and all patients reached a PL greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. No abnormal increase was observed in height-SD score, weight-SD score, or ratio of bone age to chronological age during the 1-3-year follow-up. INTERPRETATION After 3-9 months of treatment, PL increased to the target length. No severe adverse reactions were observed during follow-up. Testosterone undecanoate was safe and effective in children with 5α-RD with micropenis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of PharmacyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Lijun Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and MetabolismBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of PharmacyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and MetabolismBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
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Cypriano ML, Dos Santos Ramos GHA, de Oliveira ACF, Dos Santos DR, Fiais GA, de Oliveira AP, Antoniali C, Dornelles RCM, de Melo Stevanato Nakamune AC, Chaves-Neto AH. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy and mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) on biochemical, functional and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105289. [PMID: 34695671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and mate tea (MT) [Ilex paraguariensis] on biochemical, functional, and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats (ORX) DESIGN: Sixty young adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) were either castrated bilaterally or underwent fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were distributed into 5 groups: SHAM, ORX, TU (castrated rats that received a single intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate 100 mg/kg), MT (castrated rats that received MT 20 mg/kg, via intragastric gavage, daily), and TU + MT. All treatments started 4 weeks after castration (4 months old) and lasted 4 weeks (5 months old). At the end of treatment, pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was collected to analyze salivary flow rate (SFR) and biochemistry composition through determination of total protein (TP), amylase (AMY), electrolyte, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS ORX increased SFR, salivary buffering capacity, calcium, phosphate, chloride, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), and carbonyl protein, reduced TP and AMY activity, and did not change pH, sodium, and potassium compared to SHAM. TU and TU+MT restored all salivary parameters to values of SHAM, while only TBARs and AMY returned to SHAM levels in the MT group. CONCLUSIONS TRT with long-acting TU restored the biochemical, functional, and redox parameters of saliva in orchiectomized rats. Although MT did not have a TRT-like effect on salivary gland function, the more effective reduction in lipid oxidative damage in the MT and TU + MT groups could be considered as adjuvant to alleviate the salivary oxidative stress induced by orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lima Cypriano
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Damáris Raissa Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Passos de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia de Melo Stevanato Nakamune
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Elfouly A, Awny M, Ibrahim MK, Aboelsaad M, Tian J, Sayed M. Effects of Long-Acting Testosterone Undecanoate on Behavioral Parameters and Na + , K +-ATPase mRNA Expression in Mice with Alzheimer`s Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2238-2248. [PMID: 34036518 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that testosterone attenuates stress-induced mood dysfunction and memory deterioration. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the role of long-term testosterone undecanoate on the behavioral responses in AD induced by AlCl3 + D-galactose administration and the possible alteration of the gene expression level of the Na/K ATPase pump. Adult male mice received AlCl3 in drinking water (10 mg/kg/day) and (D-gal 200 mg/kg/day), subcutaneously for 90 consecutive days, then received a single intramuscular (I.M) injection of castor oil (vehicle) on day 91, while treated groups received a single I.M injection of either low (100 mg/kg/45 days) or high dose (500 mg/kg/45 days) respectively of long-acting testosterone undecanoate on day 91. The time spent in the interaction zone during the open field test, preference index to novel objects in the novel object recognition test, spontaneous alternation percentage (SAP) in Y-maze test, and escape latency time in the Morris water maze test were used to measure the locomotor activity, long-term memory, and spatial memory in mice, respectively. The results showed that testosterone undecanoate treatment improved locomotor activity, improved preference to novel objects, improved spatial memory, and reversed anxiety and depression induced by AlCl3 + D-galactose administration in male mice, suggesting the enhancement of behavioral and memory functions brought by testosterone treatment. Moreover, testosterone undecanoate treatment did alter gene expression levels of Na/K ATPase isoforms in the brain hippocampus. In most cases, altered gene expression was significant and correlated with the observed behavioral changes. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the effects of long-acting testosterone undecanoate administration on locomotor activity, long-term memory, anxiety, and spatial memory in male mice with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elfouly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6Th University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Awny
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6Th University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M K Ibrahim
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - M Aboelsaad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt
| | - J Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences &, Marshall Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR), Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - M Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt. .,Center of Drug Research Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt, El Shorouk City, Egypt.
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Liang X, Hua Y, Liu Q, Li Z, Yu F, Gao J, Zhang H, Zheng A. Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Solid SEDDS) for Testosterone Undecanoate: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:620-633. [PMID: 32887542 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200904172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the potential of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (solid SEDDS) loaded with Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) (solid TUSEDDS). The solid TU-SEDDS was composed of TU, Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT, oil), 2- Chloro-1-(chloromethyl) ethyl carbamate (EL-35, surfactant) and polyethylene glycol (PEG400, cosurfactant). It was expected to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of TU, as a result of investigating the feasibility of the clinical application of SEDDS. METHODS First, a TU-SEDDS was developed by using rational blends of components with the good solubilizing ability for TU. Next, a ternary phase diagram was constructed to determine the self-emulsifying region, and the formulation was optimized. Then, the solid TU-SEDDS formulation was established by screening suitable solid adsorptions. Finally, the prepared SEDDS, TUSEDDS and solid TU-SEDDS formulations were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The size of the solid TU-SEDDS was 189.1 ± 0.23 nm. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results showed that the oil droplets were homogenous and spherical with good integrity. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Powder Dffraction (XRD) results indicated that the solid TU-SEDDS formulation almost preserves the amorphous state. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated that neusilin US2 successfully adsorbed the TU-SEDDS. Drug release indicated that the dissolution of the solid TU-SEDDS was faster than that of Andriol Testocaps ®. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed that the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the solid TU-SEDDS (487.54±208.80 μg/L×h) was higher than that of Andriol Testocaps® (418.93±273.52 μg/L×h, P < 0.05). In beagles not fed a high-fat diet, the AUC of the solid TU-SEDDS (5.81±4.03 μg/L×h) was higher than that of Andriol Testocaps ® (5.53±3.43 μg/L×h, P > 0.05). In beagles fed a high-fat diet, the AUC of the solid TUSEDDS (38.18±21.90 μg/L×h) was higher than that of Andriol Testocaps® (37.17±13.79 μg/L×h, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the results of this research, oral solid TU-SEDDS is expected to be another alternative delivery system for the late-onset hypogonadism. This is beneficial to the transformation of existing drug delivery systems into preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liang
- TEAM Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Co. Ltd., Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yabing Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fanglin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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