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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Protective effects of empagliflozin on testicular injury induced by torsion/detorsion in adult male rats. J Pediatr Urol 2023; 19:545.e1-545.e7. [PMID: 37394304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular torsion is a known urologic emergency condition and one of the common causes of infertility in males. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in prevention of testicular injury. It has been observed that empagliflozin, a drug for management of hyperglycemia, has anti-oxidative properties against different pathologies, the most important of which are ischemia reperfusion related injuries. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of empagliflozin on a testicular torsion injury in adolescent rats followed by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) phenomena. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned into three groups including sham-operated group received all surgical procedures except testicular torsion-detorsion, torsion/detorsion + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as vehicle, and torsion/detorsion + empagliflozin (10 mg/kg). Testicular torsion was performed for 2 h through rotating right testis 720° in the clockwise direction. Thirty minutes before detorsion, a single intraperitoneal dose of empagliflozin was injected to treatment group. Four hours later, orchiectomy was conducted for histopathological and biochemical examinations of testicular tissue specimens. RESULTS The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the torsion/detorsion animals was markedly greater than in the animals under sham operated procedure. Moreover, the testicular MDA levels in the torsion/detorsion + empagliflozin group were significantly lower than in the torsion/detorsion group. Also, significant decreases observed in catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the torsion/detorsion group in comparison with sham operated group. These values were significantly improved in the empagliflozin group. Furthermore, histopathological examinations also revealed severe testicular injury which were improved by empagliflozin administration. DISCUSSION Empagliflozin prevented increases in oxidative stress markers and subsequently reduced the tissue injury induced by torsion/detorsion in the current study. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that administration of empagliflozin before prevents I/R related cellular damage in testicular torsion, possibly via oxidative stress inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hojjat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Abdel-Kader MS, Abdel-Rahman RF, Althurwi HN, Soliman GA, Ogaly HA, Albaqami FF. Samarcandin protects against testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant responses. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1186-1196. [PMID: 37273262 PMCID: PMC10236372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of samarcandin (SMR) in preventing testicular injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups at random: the sham group, the T/D control group (CONT), the T/D group receiving SMR treatment at 10 mg/kg (SMR-10), and the T/D group receiving SMR treatment at 20 mg/kg (SMR-20). When compared to the CONT group, SMR improved the oxidant/antioxidant balance by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), and increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), gluta-thione peroxide (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, SMR increased the levels of the steroid hormones' testosterone (TST), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood as well as controlled the inflammatory mediators; interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Nevertheless, SMR-treated animals showed a considerable downregulation of the apoptotic marker caspase-3. The T/D-induced histopathological changes were reduced and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) protein expression was enhanced by SMR. These effects are associated with upregulation of testicular (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and downregulation of NF-κB mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that SMR may be able to prevent T/D-induced testis damage by mainly regulating the expression of Nrf2 and NF-B, which seems to mediate its promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | | | - Hassan N. Althurwi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Faisal F. Albaqami
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Afolabi OA, Anyogu DC, Hamed MA, Odetayo AF, Adeyemi DH, Akhigbe RE. Glutamine prevents upregulation of NF-kB signaling and caspase 3 activation in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced testicular damage: An animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113056. [PMID: 35658227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major consequence of testicular torsion with possible attendant risk of male infertility. Glutamine, on the other hand, is a known antioxidant with anti-inflammatory potential. The present study evaluated whether or not glutamine would improve I/R-induced testicular injury in torsion/detorsion (T/D). The possible associated mechanisms were also investigated. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly allotted into four groups (n = 10); sham-operated, glutamine-treated, T/D, and T/D + glutamine. Testicular torsion was induced and reperfusion established after two and a half hour under ketamine/xylazine anaethesia. Glutamine was administered one hour before reperfusion and continued daily for 3 days. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, blood samples obtained, epididymal sperm suspension collected, and the testes harvested for biochemical and histopathological assays using established methods. RESULTS Glutamine prevented T/D-driven I/R-induced reduced sperm quality, impaired testicular histoarchitecture, and suppressed circulating testosterone. Also, glutamine abated I/R-induced oxidative stress (evidenced by reduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA generation and enhanced concentrations and activities of antioxidants), inflammation (evidenced by suppression of TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (evidenced by reduced DNA fragmentation) by down-regulating NF-kB and caspase 3 activity. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study demonstrated that glutamine administration improved testicular I/R injury in T/D rat model by maintaining testicular redox balance, and testicular integrity and function via inhibition of I/R-induced upregulation of NF-kB signaling and caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - D C Anyogu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Brainwill Laboratories, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A F Odetayo
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - D H Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Jafari A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Nemati M, Pashapour S, Sadeghpour S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Beneficial effects of memantine on ischemia/reperfusion injury following torsion/detorsion induced testicular damage in rats: Improvement in histological and biochemical parameters. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:441.e1-441.e7. [PMID: 33992528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular torsion is a common urologic emergency and one of the causes of infertility in males. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent testicular damages. It has been reported that memantine, a drug for Alzheimer's disease has anti-oxidative role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. OBJECTIVE In this experimental study, the effects of memantine on a testicular torsion injury in adolescent rat testis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six adolescent rats were divided into three groups with 12 rats per group including sham-operated, T/D (torsion/detorsion) + vehicle, and T/D + memantine (10 mg/kg). Testicular torsion was induced for 2 h by rotating right testis 7200 in the clockwise direction. In treated group 30 min before detorsion, a single intraperitoneal dose of memantine was administered. After 4 h of reperfusion, orchiectomy was conducted and Histopathological and biochemical evaluations of testicular tissue samples were performed. RESULTS The malondialdehyde level in the T/D group was significantly greater than in the sham operated group. Moreover, the testicular malondialdehyde values in the T/D + memantine group were significantly lower than in the T/D group. Also, significant decreases occurred in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the T/D group compared with sham operated group. These values were significantly greater in the memantine group than in the T/D group. Furthermore, after induction of T/D, histopathological evaluations also revealed severe testicular damages which were improved by memantine administration. DISCUSSION Memantine prevented increases in oxidative stress markers and reductions of antioxidants during I/R injury in the current study. Subsequently the histologic injury was reduced in rats treated with memantine. The antioxidant characteristics of memantine and its protective effects have been shown in our study. CONCLUSION These results suggest that administration of memantine before detorsion prevents I/R cellular damage in testicular torsion. This drug probably acts through reduction of reactive oxygen species and support antioxidant enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jafari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hojat Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sarvin Pashapour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Ahmed MAE, Ahmed AAE, El Morsy EM. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid prevents testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats by modulating 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax/Caspase-3 pathways. Life Sci 2020; 260:118472. [PMID: 32971106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) is a critical medical condition that necessitates prompt surgical intervention to avoid testicular atrophy and infertility. The use of natural compounds may protect against the associated detrimental oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), the main active constituent of Boswellia resin, has shown potent inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase enzyme which converts arachidonic acid into inflammatory mediators. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the protective mechanisms by which AKBA may protect against testicular T/D injury in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were randomly distributed into five groups: Sham, AKBA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), unilateral testicular T/D, AKBA at two dose levels (25 or 50 mg/kg for 15 successive days) followed by T/D. Histological examination and Johnsen's score were performed to assess testicular injury and perturbations in spermatogenesis. Biochemical parameters included markers of testicular function (serum testosterone), oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, glutathione), inflammation (5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene-B4, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3), DNA integrity (quantitative DNA fragmentation, DNA laddering, PARP-1), energy production (ATP), in addition to p38 MAPK and JNK protein expression. KEY FINDINGS In a dose dependent manner, AKBA significantly inhibited testicular T/D-induced upregulation of 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax pathways and their associated downstream inflammatory and apoptotic cascades. These effects were accompanied with ATP replenishment and DNA preservation, resulting ultimately in salvage of the testis. SIGNIFICANCE Unprecedentedly, the present mechanistic study revealed the pathways by which AKBA may inhibit testicular T/D injury and offered a novel protective approach that may attenuate the severity of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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