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Rodríguez-Hernández D, Barbosa LCA, Demuner AJ, Nain-Perez A, Ferreira SR, Fujiwara RT, de Almeida RM, Heller L, Csuk R. Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of hederagenin-bis triazolyl derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:624-635. [PMID: 29024910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to obtain new potent leishmanicidal and cytotoxic compounds from natural sources, the triterpene hederagenin was converted into several new 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives tethered at C-23 and C-28. For this work hederagenin was isolated from fruits of Sapindus saponaria and reacted with propargyl bromide to afford as a major product bis-propargylic derivative 1 in 74%. Submitting this compound to Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with several azides afforded the derivatives 2-19 with yields in the range of 40-87%. All compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity in a panel of five human cancer cell lines by a SRB assay. The bioassays showed that compound 19 was the most cytotoxic against all human cancer cell lines with EC50 = 7.4-12.1 μM. Moreover, leishmanicidal activity was evaluated through the in vitro effect in the growth of Leishmania infantum, and derivatives 1, 2, 5 and 17 were highly effective preventing proliferation of intracellular amastigote forms of L. infantum (IC50 = 28.8, 25.9, 5.6 and 7.4 μM, respectively). All these compounds showed a higher selectivity index and low toxicity against two strains of kidney BGM and liver HepG2 cells. Compound 5 has higher selectivity (1780 times) in comparison with the commercial antimony drug and is around 8 times more selective than the most active compound previously reported hederagenin derivative. Such high activity associated with low toxicities make the new bis-traiazolyl derivatives promising candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis. In addition, hederagenin and some derivatives (2, 5 and 17) showed interaction in the binding site of the enzyme CYP51Li.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antonio J Demuner
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Health Science Center, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Av. Cap. Ene Garcez, CEP 69310-000, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel M de Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Abstract
The macrocyclization of linear peptides is very often accompanied by significant improvements in their stability and biological activity. Many strategies are available for their chemical macrocyclization, however, enzyme‐mediated methods remain of great interest in terms of synthetic utility. To date, known macrocyclization enzymes have been shown to be active on both peptide and protein substrates. Here we show that the macrocyclization enzyme of the cyanobactin family, PatGmac, is capable of macrocyclizing substrates with one, two, or three 1,4‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazole moieties. The introduction of non‐peptidic scaffolds into macrocycles is highly desirable in tuning the activity and physical properties of peptidic macrocycles. We have isolated and fully characterized nine non‐natural triazole‐containing cyclic peptides, a further ten molecules are also synthesized. PatGmac has now been shown to be an effective and versatile tool for the ring closure by peptide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Oueis
- Biomedical Science Research Complex University of St Andrews, BSRC North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- Biomedical Science Research Complex University of St Andrews, BSRC North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex University of St Andrews, BSRC North Haugh St Andrews KY 16 9 ST UK; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University China
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