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Góngora-Garza G, Tovar-Hernández MA, de León-González JA. Re-description of Parasphaerosyllisindica Monro, 1937 (Annelida, Syllidae), with the establishment of a new species from western Mexico. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e116082. [PMID: 38333070 PMCID: PMC10851158 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parasphaerosyllis Monro, 1937 is a syllid genus, currently composed of four species: P.indica Monro, 1937 from the Arabian Sea, P.uschakovi (Chlebovitsch, 1959) from the Kurile Islands, P.ezoensis Imajima & Hartman, 1964 from Japan and P.malimalii Capa, San Martín & López, 2001 from the Pacific coast of Panama. The distribution of P.indica is circum-tropical to temperate waters, but the presence of species complexes has been suggested. In order to clarify the distribution of P.indica in many areas of the world, a re-description, based on examination of the type material, is required as a first step to a better understanding of its diagnostic features. New information Parasphaerosyllisindica is re-described, based on holotype examination, a new species is established from the Gulf of California and Parasphaerosyllismalimalii is reported for the first time since its description in 2001. Parasphaerosyllisirregulata sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the following features: 1) Palps are free at their base; 2) Two types of dorsal cirri are present: spherical to bulbous and moniliform cirri; 3) Both types of cirri are distributed irregularly. A spherical/bulbous and moniliform cirrus may appear together within the same segment (asymmetrical segment) or only a spherical/bulbous cirrus may appear in several consecutive segments (not alternating as occurs in congeners); 4) The spherical/bulbous cirri may have distal knobs with 1-3 terminal articles; and 5) Bidentate falcigers with short, sub-triangular blades with a proximal tooth slightly larger that the distal one. A taxonomic key to species of Parasphaerosyllis species is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Góngora-Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo LeónMexico
| | - María Ana Tovar-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo LeónMexico
| | - Jesús Angel de León-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo LeónMexico
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Torres-Hernández E, Betancourt-Resendes I, Angulo A, Robertson DR, Barraza E, Espinoza E, Díaz-Jaimes P, Domínguez-Domínguez O. A multi-locus approach to elucidating the evolutionary history of the clingfish Tomicodon petersii (Gobiesocidae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107316. [PMID: 34537324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine species that are widely distributed in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) has served as a model for studying biogeographic patterns resulting from the effects of intraregional habitat discontinuities and oceanographic processes on the diversification and evolution of cryptobenthic reef fishes. Tomicodon petersii, a clingfish (Gobiesocidae) endemic to the TEP, is found on very shallow rocky reefs from central Mexico to northern Peru, and in the Cocos and Galapagos islands. We evaluated the effect of likely biogeographic barriers in different parts of the TEP on the diversification process of this species. We used one mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA markers from 112 individuals collected across the distribution range of T. petersii. Our phylogenetic results showed the samples constituted a monophyletic group, with three well-supported, allopatric subgroups: in the Mexican province, the Panamic province (from El Salvador to Ecuador), and the Galapagos Islands. The split between the Mexican and more southerly clades was estimated to occur at the end of the Miocene ca. 5.74 Mya, and the subsequent cladogenetic event separating the Galapagos population from the Panamic population at the junction of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, ca. 2.85 Mya. The species tree, Bayesian species delimitation tests (BPP), STACEY, and substantial genetic distances separating these three populations indicate that these three independent evolutionary units likely include two unnamed species. The cladogenetic events that promoted the formation of those genetically differentiated groups are consistent with disruptive effects on gene flow of habitat discontinuities and oceanographic processes along the mainland shoreline in the TEP and of ocean-island isolation, in conjunction with the species intrinsic life-history characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Torres-Hernández
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Colección de Peces Calle Rumipamba 341, Av. De los Shyris, Parque "La Carolina", Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Isai Betancourt-Resendes
- CONACYT-Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, C.P 76230, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Arturo Angulo
- Museo de Zoología/ Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET) y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica.
| | - D Ross Robertson
- Naos Marine Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.
| | - Enrique Barraza
- Universidad Francisco Gavidia, Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación, Segundo Nivel, Calle El Progreso N°2748, San Salvador, El Salvador.
| | - Eduardo Espinoza
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Islas Galápagos, Ecuador.
| | - Píndaro Díaz-Jaimes
- Unidad de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Colección de Peces Calle Rumipamba 341, Av. De los Shyris, Parque "La Carolina", Quito, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico.
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Carlon DB, Robertson DR, Barron RL, Choat JH, Anderson DJ, Schwartz SA, Sánchez-Ortiz CA. The origin of the parrotfish species Scarus compressus in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: region-wide hybridization between ancient species pairs. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33514314 PMCID: PMC7853319 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), four species of parrotfishes with complex phylogeographic histories co-occur in sympatry on rocky reefs from Baja California to Ecuador: Scarus compressus, S. ghobban, S. perrico, and S. rubroviolaceus. The most divergent, S. perrico, separated from a Central Indo-Pacific ancestor in the late Miocene (6.6 Ma). We tested the hypothesis that S. compressus was the result of ongoing hybridization among the other three species by sequencing four nuclear markers and a mitochondrial locus in samples spanning 2/3 of the latitudinal extent of the TEP. Results A Structure model indicated that K = 3 fit the nuclear data and that S. compressus individuals had admixed genomes. Our data could correctly detect and assign pure adults and F1 hybrids with > 0.90 probability, and correct assignment of F2s was also high in some cases. NewHybrids models revealed that 89.8% (n = 59) of the S. compressus samples were F1 hybrids between either S. perrico × S. ghobban or S. perrico × S. rubroviolaceus. Similarly, the most recently diverged S. ghobban and S. rubroviolaceus were hybridizing in small numbers, with half of the admixed individuals assigned to F1 hybrids and the remainder likely > F1 hybrids. We observed strong mito-nuclear discordance in all hybrid pairs. Migrate models favored gene flow between S. perrico and S. ghobban, but not other species pairs. Conclusions Mating between divergent species is giving rise to a region-wide, multispecies hybrid complex, characterized by a high frequency of parental and F1 genotypes but a low frequency of > F1 hybrids. Trimodal structure, and evidence for fertility of both male and female F1 hybrids, suggest that fitness declines sharply in later generation hybrids. In contrast, the hybrid population of the two more recently diverged species had similar frequencies of F1 and > F1 hybrids, suggesting accelerating post-mating incompatibility with time. Mitochondrial genotypes in hybrids suggest that indiscriminate mating by male S. perrico is driving pre-zygotic breakdown, which may reflect isolation of this endemic species for millions of years resulting in weak selection for conspecific mate recognition. Despite overlapping habitat use and high rates of hybridization, species boundaries are maintained by a combination of pre- and post-mating processes in this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Carlon
- Schiller Coastal Studies Centre and Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA.
| | | | - Robert L Barron
- Schiller Coastal Studies Centre and Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA
| | - John Howard Choat
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - David J Anderson
- Schiller Coastal Studies Centre and Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME, 04011, USA
| | - Sonja A Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos A Sánchez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23081, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
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Jaramillo KB, Cóndor-Luján B, Longakit B, Rodriguez J, Thomas OP, McCormack G, Hajdu E. New records of Demospongiae (Porifera) from Reserva Marina El Pelado (Santa Elena, Ecuador), with description of Tedania ( Tedania) ecuadoriensis sp. nov. Zookeys 2021; 1011:101-120. [PMID: 33551653 PMCID: PMC7838150 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1011.54485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first taxonomic descriptions of the sponge diversity at El Pelado Marine Protected Area in the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador is reported. Tedania (Tedania) ecuadoriensis Jaramillo & Hajdu, sp. nov. is described from its shallow waters. In addition, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) aff. californica (sensuCruz-Barraza and Carballo 2008; non sensuDickinson 1945) and Cliona aff. euryphylle are reported for the first time. The former species is likely distributed over 4,000 km along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, whereas the latter might be an example of a trans-isthmian lineage. An amended diagnosis for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) and an updated identification key for the subgenera of Callyspongia are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Jaramillo
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL. Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM. Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Báslavi Cóndor-Luján
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Biológicas, Carrera de Biología Marina, Antigua Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú
| | - Belinda Longakit
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny Rodriguez
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL. Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM. Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace McCormack
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Depto. Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ríos-Jara E, Galván-Villa CM, Esqueda-González MDC, Ayón-Parente M, Rodríguez Zaragoza FA, Bastida-Izaguirre D, Reyes-Gómez A. Species richness and biogeographical affinities of the marine molluscs from Bahía de Chamela, Mexico. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e59191. [PMID: 33354144 PMCID: PMC7749099 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e59191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 10 years (2007-2018), the benthic macroinvertebrates of Bahía de Chamela (Mexican Pacific) were sampled at 31 sites (0-25 m depth). A total of 308 species of the five main classes of benthic molluscs were obtained (106 bivalves, 185 gastropods, 13 polyplacophorans, two scaphopods and two cephalopods). This is a significant increase in the number of species (246 new records) compared to the 62 species previously recorded more than 10 years ago. The distribution in the 31 localities of the bay is given for the first time for most of the species, together with information on its ecological rarity (incidence in the samples). Two families of bivalves (Veneridae and Mytilidae) and three families of gastropods (Calyptraeidae, Muricidae and Collumbellidae) comprised ~ 30% of all species. Ecological rarity was evident with 45 families (45.0%) with only one species and 178 species (57.8%) collected in one site and 67 (21.8%) in two sites. The molluscs of Bahía de Chamela represent 12.2% of all species recorded in the Mexican Pacific. Their biogeographic affinities are mostly related to the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) including the oceanic islands and a few are restricted to the Tropical Mexican Pacific (TMP). Some have broader distributions to adjacent northern and southern temperate regions of the American Pacific, one to the western Atlantic, two pantropical (PAN) and two cosmopolitans (COS). The range distribution of each species was reviewed and updated, thus finding that seven species have extended their ranges of geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ríos-Jara
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
| | - Cristian Moisés Galván-Villa
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Esqueda-González
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
| | - Manuel Ayón-Parente
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
| | | | - Dafne Bastida-Izaguirre
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Guadalajara, Mexico Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Guadalajara Mexico
| | - Adriana Reyes-Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico
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Olivier D, Lepoint G, Aguilar-Medrano R, Díaz AHR, Sánchez-González A, Sturaro N. Ecomorphology, trophic niche, and distribution divergences of two common damselfishes in the Gulf of California. C R Biol 2019; 342:309-21. [PMID: 31784218 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Damselfishes of the genus Stegastes are among the most conspicuous benthic reef-associated fish in the Gulf of California, and the two most commonly found species are the Beaubrummel Gregory Stegastes flavilatus and the Cortez damselfish Stegastes rectifraenum. Both species are described as ecologically and morphologically very similar. However, the niche theory predicts that coexisting species will tend to minimize competition through niche partitioning. We, therefore, investigated the degree of their ecological similarity through their morphology, trophic ecology, and spatial distribution, as well as, the effects of environmental variables on their abundance. We showed that S. rectifraenum is highly abundant in the entire Gulf of California while S. flavilatus is only found in the central and southern part. The abundance of S. rectifraenum was higher in shallow water and decreased when the cover of macroalgae and sand increased. No environmental variable was related to the abundance of S. flavilatus. Both species had distinct isotopic niches: S. flavilatus fed almost exclusively on plankton and zoobenthos, while S. rectifraenum had an omnivorous diet mixing turf, zoobenthos and plankton. The diet divergence was reflected in the morphology of the two species. Stegastes flavilatus had a more rounded body shape, with a higher supraoccipital crest and more gill rakers than S. rectifraenum, which may increase its ability to feed on vagile invertebrates and zooplankton. Our results support the hypothesis that a niche partition has occurred between the two species. Furthermore, the importance of planktonic food sources to both species, considered as benthic territorial feeders, challenges the traditional ecological description of the Stegastes species.
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Friedlander AM, Giddens J, Ballesteros E, Blum S, Brown EK, Caselle JE, Henning B, Jost C, Salinas-de-León P, Sala E. Marine biodiversity from zero to a thousand meters at Clipperton Atoll (Île de La Passion), Tropical Eastern Pacific. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7279. [PMID: 31341739 PMCID: PMC6640628 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clipperton Atoll (Île de La Passion) is the only atoll in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) ecoregion and, owing to its isolation, possesses several endemic species and is likely an important stepping stone between Oceania, the remainder of the TEP, including other oceanic islands and the west coast of Central America. We describe the biodiversity at this remote atoll from shallow water to depths greater than one thousand meters using a mixture of technologies (SCUBA, stereo baited remote underwater video stations, manned submersible, and deep-sea drop cameras). Seventy-four unique taxa of invertebrates were identified during our expedition. The majority (70%) of these taxa were confined to the top 400 m and consisted mostly of sessile organisms. Decapod crustaceans and black corals (Antipatharia) had the broadest depth ranges, 100–1,497 m and 58–967 m, respectively. Decapods were correlated with the deepest depths, while hard corals were correlated with the shallow depths. There were 96 different fish taxa from 41 families and 15 orders, of which 70% were restricted to depths <200 m. While there was a decreasing trend in richness for both fish and invertebrate taxa with depth, these declines were not linear across the depth gradient. Instead, peaks in richness at ∼200 m and ∼750 m coincided with high turnover due to the appearance of new taxa and disappearance of other taxa within the community and is likely associated with the strong oxygen minimum zone that occurs within the region. The overall depth effect was stronger for fishes compared with invertebrates, which may reflect ecological preferences or differences in taxonomic resolution among groups. The creation of a no-take marine reserve 12 nautical miles around the atoll in 2016 will help conserve this unique and relatively intact ecosystem, which possesses high predator abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States of America
| | - Jonatha Giddens
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, United States of America
| | | | - Shmulik Blum
- DeepSee, UnderSea Hunter Group, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eric K Brown
- Kalaupapa National Historic Park, US National Park Service, Kalaupapa, HI, USA.,National Park of American Samoa, US National Park Service, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Bradley Henning
- Exploration Technology, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christian Jost
- Université de la Polynésie Française, Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie Française
| | - Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Sandoval-Huerta ER, Beltrán-López RG, Pedraza-Marrón CR, Paz-Velásquez MA, Angulo A, Robertson DR, Espinoza E, Domínguez-Domínguez O. The evolutionary history of the goby Elacatinus puncticulatus in the tropical eastern pacific: Effects of habitat discontinuities and local environmental variability. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 130:269-285. [PMID: 30359746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Habitat discontinuities, temperature gradients, upwelling systems, and ocean currents, gyres and fronts, can affect distributions of species with narrow environmental tolerance or motility and influence the dispersal of pelagic larvae, with effects ranging from the isolation of adjacent populations to connections between them. The coast of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) is a highly dynamic environment, with various large gyres and upwelling systems, alternating currents and large rocky-habitat discontinuities, which may greatly influence the genetic connectivity of populations in different parts of the coast. Elacatinus puncticulatus is a cryptic, shallow-living goby that is distributed along the continental shore of virtually the entire TEP, which makes it a good model for testing the influence of these environmental characteristics in the molecular evolution of widespread species in this region. A multilocus phylogeny was used to evaluate the influence of habitat gaps, and oceanographic processes in the evolutionary history of E. puncticulatus throughout its geographical range in the TEP. Two well-supported allopatric clades (one with two allopatric subclades) were recovered, the geographic distribution of which does not correspond to any previously proposed major biogeographic provinces. These populations show strong genetic structure and substantial genetic distances between clades and sub-clades (cytb 0.8-7.3%), with divergence times between them ranging from 0.53 to 4.88 Mya, and recent population expansions dated at 170-130 Kya. The ancestral area of all populations appears to be the Gulf of Panama, while several isolation events have formed the phylogeographic patterns evident in this species. Local and regional oceanographic processes as well as habitat discontinuities have shaped the distribution patterns of the genetic lineages along the continental TEP. Large genetic distances, high genetic differentiation, and the results of species-tree and phylogenetic analyses indicate that E. puncticulatus comprises a complex of three allopatric species with an unusual geographic arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Sandoval-Huerta
- Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - R G Beltrán-López
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; Laboratorio de Ictiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad no. 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - C R Pedraza-Marrón
- Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico; Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - M A Paz-Velásquez
- Centro de Estudios del Mar y Acuicultura, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - A Angulo
- Museo de Zoología y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica. 11501-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - D R Robertson
- Naos Marine Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.
| | - E Espinoza
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Islas Galápagos, Ecuador.
| | - O Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio "R" planta baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico.
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Guillen PO, Gegunde S, Jaramillo KB, Alfonso A, Calabro K, Alonso E, Rodriguez J, Botana LM, Thomas OP. Zoanthamine Alkaloids from the Zoantharian Zoanthus cf. pulchellus and Their Effects in Neuroinflammation. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16070242. [PMID: 30036989 PMCID: PMC6071026 DOI: 10.3390/md16070242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new zoanthamine alkaloids, namely 3-acetoxynorzoanthamine (1) and 3-acetoxyzoanthamine (2), have been isolated from the zoantharian Zoanthus cf. pulchellus collected off the coast of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador, together with three known derivatives: zoanthamine, norzoanthamine, and 3-hydroxynorzoanthamine. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were determined by interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison with literature data. This is the first report of zoanthamine-type alkaloids from Zoanthus cf. pulchellus collected in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The neuroinflammatory activity of all the isolated compounds was evaluated in microglia BV-2 cells and high inhibitory effects were observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Guillen
- ESPOL Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuacultura e Investigaciones Marinas, Campus Gustavo Galindo km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Karla B Jaramillo
- ESPOL Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuacultura e Investigaciones Marinas, Campus Gustavo Galindo km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Kevin Calabro
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jenny Rodriguez
- ESPOL Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuacultura e Investigaciones Marinas, Campus Gustavo Galindo km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
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Robinson NJ, Peters WS. Complexity of the prey spectrum of Agaronia propatula (Caenogastropoda: Olividae), a dominant predator in sandy beach ecosystems of Pacific Central America. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4714. [PMID: 29736346 PMCID: PMC5933343 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Olivid gastropods of the genus Agaronia are dominant predators within invertebrate communities on sandy beaches throughout Pacific Central America. At Playa Grande, on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, we observed 327 natural predation events by Agaronia propatula. For each predation event, we documented prey taxa and body size of both predator and prey. The relationship between predator and prey size differed for each of the four main prey taxa: bivalves, crustaceans, heterospecific gastropods, and conspecific gastropods (representing cannibalism). For bivalve prey, there was increased variance in prey size with increasing predator size. Crustaceans were likely subdued only if injured or otherwise incapacitated. Heterospecific gastropods (mostly Olivella semistriata) constituted half of all prey items, but were only captured by small and intermediately sized A. propatula. Large O. semistriata appeared capable of avoiding predation by A. propatula. Cannibalism was more prevalent among large A. propatula than previously estimated. Our findings suggested ontogenetic niche shifts in A. propatula and a significant role of cannibalism in its population dynamics. Also indicated were size-dependent defensive behavior in some prey taxa and a dynamic, fine-scale zonation of the beach. The unexpected complexity of the trophic relations of A. propatula was only revealed though analysis of individual predation events. This highlights the need for detailed investigations into the trophic ecology of marine invertebrates to understand the factors driving ecosystem structuring in sandy beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Robinson
- Cape Eleuthera Island School, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.,Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station, Playa Grande, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Winfried S Peters
- Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station, Playa Grande, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.,School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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11
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Bernal MA, Gaither MR, Simison WB, Rocha LA. Introgression and selection shaped the evolutionary history of sympatric sister-species of coral reef fishes (genus: Haemulon). Mol Ecol 2016; 26:639-652. [PMID: 27873385 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Closely related marine species with large overlapping ranges provide opportunities to study mechanisms of speciation, particularly when there is evidence of gene flow between such lineages. Here, we focus on a case of hybridization between the sympatric sister-species Haemulon maculicauda and H. flaviguttatum, using Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear loci, as well as 2422 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained via restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq). Mitochondrial markers revealed a shared haplotype for COI and low divergence for CytB and CR between the sister-species. On the other hand, complete lineage sorting was observed at the nuclear loci and most of the SNPs. Under neutral expectations, the smaller effective population size of mtDNA should lead to fixation of mutations faster than nDNA. Thus, these results suggest that hybridization in the recent past (0.174-0.263 Ma) led to introgression of the mtDNA, with little effect on the nuclear genome. Analyses of the SNP data revealed 28 loci potentially under divergent selection between the two species. The combination of mtDNA introgression and limited nuclear DNA introgression provides a mechanism for the evolution of independent lineages despite recurrent hybridization events. This study adds to the growing body of research that exemplifies how genetic divergence can be maintained in the presence of gene flow between closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Bernal
- Integrative Systems Biology Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Biodiversity, Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Michelle R Gaither
- Institute for Biodiversity, Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.,School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - W Brian Simison
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Luiz A Rocha
- Institute for Biodiversity, Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
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12
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Sánchez JA, Fuentes-Pardo AP, Ní Almhain Í, Ardila-Espitia NE, Cantera-Kintz J, Forero-Shelton M. The masquerade game: marine mimicry adaptation between egg-cowries and octocorals. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2051. [PMID: 27547514 PMCID: PMC4975025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Background matching, as a camouflage strategy, is one of the most outstanding examples of adaptation, where little error or mismatch means high vulnerability to predation. It is assumed that the interplay of natural selection and adaptation are the main evolutionary forces shaping the great diversity of phenotypes observed in mimicry; however, there may be other significant processes that intervene in the development of mimicry such as phenotypic plasticity. Based on observations of background mismatching during reproduction events of egg-cowries, sea snails of the family Ovulidae that mimic the octocoral where they inhabit, we wondered if they match the host species diversity. Using observations in the field and molecular systematics, we set out to establish whether the different egg-cowrie color/shape polymorphisms correspond to distinct lineages restricted to specific octocoral species. Methods. Collection and observations of egg-cowries and their octocoral hosts were done using SCUBA diving between 2009 and 2012 at two localities in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), Malpelo Island and Cabo Corrientes (Colombia). Detailed host preference observations were done bi-annually at Malpelo Island. We analyzed the DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genes COIand 16S rDNA, extensively used in phylogenetic and DNA barcoding studies, to assess the evolutionary relationship among different egg-cowrie colorations and morphologies. Results. No genetic divergence among egg-cowries associated to different species of the same octocoral genus was observed based on the two mitochondrial genes analyzed. For instance, all egg-cowrie individuals from the two sampled localities observed on 8 different Pacifigorgia-Eugorgia species showed negligible mitochondrial divergence yet large morphologic divergence, which suggests that morphologies belonging to at least two sea snail species, Simnia avena(=S. aequalis) and Simnialena rufa, can cross-fertilize. Discussion. Our study system comprised background-matching mimicry, of the masquerade type, between egg-cowries (Simnia/Simnialena) and octocorals (Pacifigorgia/Eugorgia/Leptogorgia). We observed mimicry mismatches related to fitness trade-offs, such as reproductive aggregations vs. vulnerability against predators. Despite the general assumption that coevolution of mimicry involves speciation, egg-cowries with different hosts and colorations comprise the same lineages. Consequently, we infer that there would be significant tradeoffs between mimicry and the pursuit of reproductive aggregations in egg-cowries. The findings of this study not only contribute to the understanding of the evolution of mimicry in egg-cowries, a poorly studied group of marine gastropods, but also to the development of a new biologically meaningful board game that could be implemented as a learning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas (Biommar), Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Angela P Fuentes-Pardo
- Department of Biology-Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Departamento de Biología-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Íde Ní Almhain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Néstor E Ardila-Espitia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas (Biommar), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; División de Biología Marina, ECOMAR Consultoría Ambiental, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Cantera-Kintz
- Departamento de Biología-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle , Cali , Colombia
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