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Mügler C, Ribolzi O, Viguier M, Janeau JL, Jardé E, Latsachack K, Henry-Des-Tureaux T, Thammahacksa C, Valentin C, Sengtaheuanghoung O, Rochelle-Newall E. Experimental and modelling evidence of splash effects on manure borne Escherichia coli washoff. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13011-8. [PMID: 33635452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In tropical montane South-East Asia, recent changes in land use have induced increased runoff, soil erosion and in-stream suspended sediment loads. Land use change is also contributing to increased microbial pathogen dissemination and contamination of stream waters. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is frequently used as an indicator of faecal contamination. Field rain simulations were conducted to examine how E. coli is exported from the surface of upland, agricultural soils during runoff events. The objectives were to characterize the loss dynamics of this indicator from agricultural soils contaminated with livestock waste, and to identify the effect of splash on washoff. Experiments were performed on nine 1 m2 plots, amended or not with pig or poultry manure. Each plot was divided into two 0.5 m2 sub-plots. One of the two sub-plots was protected with a mosquito net for limiting the raindrop impact effects. Runoff, soil detachment by raindrop impact and its entrainment by runoff, and E. coli loads and discharge were measured for each sub-plot. The results show that raindrop impact strongly enhances runoff generation, soil detachment and entrainment and E. coli export. When the impact of raindrops was reduced with a mosquito net, total runoff was reduced by more than 50%, soil erosion was on average reduced by 90% and E. coli export from the amended soil surface was on average 3 to 8 times lower. A coupled physics-based approach was performed using the Cast3M platform for modelling the time evolutions of runoff, solid particles detachment and transfer and bacteria transport that were measured for one of the nine plots. After estimation of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil erodibility and attachment rate of bacteria, model outputs were consistent with measured runoff coefficients, suspended sediment and E. coli loads. This work therefore underlines the need to maintain adequate vegetation at the soil surface to avoid the erosion and export of soil borne potential pathogens towards downstream aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Mügler
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212 CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Ribolzi
- GET (IRD, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS), 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Viguier
- GET (IRD, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS), 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Janeau
- Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Jardé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Keooudone Latsachack
- IRD, iEES-Paris, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nong viengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Thierry Henry-Des-Tureaux
- Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Chanthamousone Thammahacksa
- IRD, iEES-Paris, Department of Agricultural Land Management (DALaM), P.O. Box 4199, Ban Nong viengkham, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Christian Valentin
- Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung
- Agriculture Land-Use Planning Center (ALUPC), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Emma Rochelle-Newall
- Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris Est Creteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), F-75005, Paris, France
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Wyckhuys KAG, Wongtiem P, Rauf A, Thancharoen A, Heimpel GE, Le NTT, Fanani MZ, Gurr GM, Lundgren JG, Burra DD, Palao LK, Hyman G, Graziosi I, Le VX, Cock MJW, Tscharntke T, Wratten SD, Nguyen LV, You M, Lu Y, Ketelaar JW, Goergen G, Neuenschwander P. Continental-scale suppression of an invasive pest by a host-specific parasitoid underlines both environmental and economic benefits of arthropod biological control. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5796. [PMID: 30364550 PMCID: PMC6197050 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological control, a globally-important ecosystem service, can provide long-term and broad-scale suppression of invasive pests, weeds and pathogens in natural, urban and agricultural environments. Following (few) historic cases that led to sizeable environmental up-sets, the discipline of arthropod biological control has—over the past decades—evolved and matured. Now, by deliberately taking into account the ecological risks associated with the planned introduction of insect natural enemies, immense environmental and societal benefits can be gained. In this study, we document and analyze a successful case of biological control against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) which invaded Southeast Asia in 2008, where it caused substantial crop losses and triggered two- to three-fold surges in agricultural commodity prices. In 2009, the host-specific parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was released in Thailand and subsequently introduced into neighboring Asian countries. Drawing upon continental-scale insect surveys, multi-year population studies and (field-level) experimental assays, we show how A. lopezi attained intermediate to high parasitism rates across diverse agro-ecological contexts. Driving mealybug populations below non-damaging levels over a broad geographical area, A. lopezi allowed yield recoveries up to 10.0 t/ha and provided biological control services worth several hundred dollars per ha (at local farm-gate prices) in Asia’s four-million ha cassava crop. Our work provides lessons to invasion science and crop protection worldwide. Furthermore, it accentuates the importance of scientifically-guided biological control for insect pest management, and highlights its potentially large socio-economic benefits to agricultural sustainability in the face of a debilitating invasive pest. In times of unrelenting insect invasions, surging pesticide use and accelerating biodiversity loss across the globe, this study demonstrates how biological control—as a pure public good endeavor—constitutes a powerful, cost-effective and environmentally-responsible solution for invasive species mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,CGIAR Program on Roots, Tubers and Banana, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Prapit Wongtiem
- Rayong Field Crops Research Center, Thai Department of Agriculture, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Aunu Rauf
- Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nhung T T Le
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Geoff M Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | | | - Dharani D Burra
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Leo K Palao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Glenn Hyman
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ignazio Graziosi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America.,World Agroforestry Center ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vi X Le
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Steve D Wratten
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, Benin
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Nautiyal S, Kaechele H, Umesh Babu MS, Tikhile P, Baksi S. Land-use change in Indian tropical agro-ecosystems: eco-energy estimation for socio-ecological sustainability. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:168. [PMID: 28315232 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to understand the ecological and economic sustainability of floriculture and other main crops in Indian agro-ecosystems. The cultivation practices of four major flower crops, namely Jasminum multiflorum, Crossandra infundibuliformis, Chrysanthemum and Tagetes erecta, were studied in detail. The production cost of flowers in terms of energy was calculated to be 99,622-135,996 compared to 27,681-69,133 MJ ha-1 for the main crops, namely Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor. The highest-energy input amongst the crops was recorded for Z. mays (69,133 MJ ha-1) as this is a resource-demanding crop. However, flower cultivation requires approximately twice the energy required for the cultivation of Z. mays. In terms of both energy and monetary inputs, flower cultivation needs two to three times the requirements of the main crops cultivated in the region. The monetary inputs for main crop cultivation were calculated to be ₹ 27,349 to ₹ 46,930 as compared to flower crops (₹ 62,540 to ₹ 144,355). Floriculture was found to be more efficient in monetary terms when compared to the main crops cultivated in the region. However, the energy efficiency of flower crops is lower than that of the main crops, and the energy output from flower cultivation was found to be declining in tropical agro-ecosystems in India. Amongst the various inputs, farmyard manure accounts for the highest proportion, and for its preparation, most of the raw material comes from the surrounding ecosystems. Thus, flower cultivation has a direct impact on the ecosystem resource flow. Therefore, keeping the economic and environmental sustainability in view, this study indicates that a more field-based research is required to frame appropriate policies for flower cultivation to achieve sustainable socio-ecological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nautiyal
- Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 560 072, India.
- Institute of Socioeconomics, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany.
| | - Harald Kaechele
- Institute of Socioeconomics, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - M S Umesh Babu
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Pavan Tikhile
- Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, 560 072, India
| | - Sangeeta Baksi
- Technology Information, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), 'A' Wing, Vishwakarma Bhavan, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg, New Delhi, 110016, India
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