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Bonnet J, Ducroix-Roubertou S, Rogez S, Ajzenberg D, Courtioux B, Faucher JF. [Sleeping Sickness: A Cause of False Positive HIV Rapid Diagnostic Tests]. Med Trop Sante Int 2021; 1:mtsibulletin.2021.115. [PMID: 35586587 PMCID: PMC9022761 DOI: 10.48327/mtsibulletin.2021.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approaching the mechanisms related to false positives HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) in patients with sleeping sickness may help to improve the accuracy of screening for HIV infection in areas endemic for Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).We report on a patient from Congo who was managed like an AIDS-associated meningoencephalitis, based on a false positive HIV RDT at admission, and eventually received a diagnosis of sleeping sickness. A further retrospective cohort study performed in patients with HAT shows that most of positive HIV RDT obtained prior to treatment for sleeping sickness are false positives. We found that half of them were cleared at the end of treatment course, suggesting an early clearance of some antibodies involved in cross-reactivity.A substantial clearance of HIV RDT false positives occurs during therapy for HAT. In areas where Elisa HIV tests are not readily available, repeating the HIV RDT at the end of therapy may help to identify roughly half of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bonnet
- Université de Limoges, U1094, Neuroépidémiologie tropicale, Institut d'épidémiologie et de neurologie tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - S. Ducroix-Roubertou
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - S. Rogez
- Service de bacte?riologie, virologie, hygie?ne, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - D. Ajzenberg
- Université de Limoges, U1094, Neuroépidémiologie tropicale, Institut d'épidémiologie et de neurologie tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Service de parasitologie-mycologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - B. Courtioux
- Université de Limoges, U1094, Neuroépidémiologie tropicale, Institut d'épidémiologie et de neurologie tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - J.-F. Faucher
- Université de Limoges, U1094, Neuroépidémiologie tropicale, Institut d'épidémiologie et de neurologie tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France,*
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