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Vizitiu DE, Sardarescu DI, Fierascu I, Fierascu RC, Soare LC, Ungureanu C, Buciumeanu EC, Guta IC, Pandelea LM. Grapevine Plants Management Using Natural Extracts and Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15228188. [PMID: 36431673 PMCID: PMC9697161 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the well-known antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, the goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of two "green" recipes, namely an alcoholic extract of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott and a dispersion of silver nanoparticles phytosynthesized using the extract on grapevine pathogens. The influence of some grapevine parameters (pith/wood rapport, soluble sugars, starch, total sugars, total water content, length of young shoots, number of grapes) in field experiments was also studied. The study was conducted on four clones (Feteasca alba 97 St., Feteasca neagra 6 St., Feteasca regala 72 St., and Cabernet Sauvignon 131 St.) located in vegetation pots inside a greenhouse. For the phytosynthesis of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) we used a scaled-up technology, allowing us to obtain large quantities of nanoparticles-containing solution. The AgNPs analysis by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of spherical and quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 17 nm average diameter and 6.72 nm crystallite size. The field experiments registered different responses of the four clones to the treatment, using both the natural extracts and phytosynthesized nanoparticles solution. Both recipes exhibited a protective effect against the Uncinula necator pathogen. For the treatment using phytosynthesized nanoparticles, significant increases in the pith/wood ratio for white wine clones (Feteasca alba 97 St. and Feteasca regala 72 St.) were observed. The biochemical analyses revealed other significant increases of soluble sugars (red wine clones-Feteasca neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon/second year), starch (Feteasca alba and Cabernet Sauvignon in 2021 for both clones), total sugars (Feteasca alba and Feteasca neagra in 2021 for both clones), and of total water content (Feteasca alba and Feteasca neagra in 2021 for both clones), respectively. The applied treatments also led to an increase of young shoots length and grape numbers for all clones as compared to the control (chemical pesticide), which would suggest a potential biostimulant effect of the recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Elena Vizitiu
- The National Institute for Research & Development for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti, 110134 Stefanesti, Romania
| | - Daniela Ionela Sardarescu
- The National Institute for Research & Development for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti, 110134 Stefanesti, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Cristina Soare
- Natural Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Informatics, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Camelia Ungureanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Cocuta Buciumeanu
- The National Institute for Research & Development for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti, 110134 Stefanesti, Romania
| | - Ionela Catalina Guta
- The National Institute for Research & Development for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti, 110134 Stefanesti, Romania
| | - Letitia Mariana Pandelea
- The National Institute for Research & Development for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti, 110134 Stefanesti, Romania
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Cheng S, Xie X, Xu Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y. Genetic transformation of a fruit-specific, highly expressed stilbene synthase gene from Chinese wild Vitis quinquangularis. Planta 2016; 243:1041-53. [PMID: 26781778 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The stilbene synthase gene VqSTS6, from Chinese wild type Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2, increases the resveratrol content and pathogen resistance of transgenic plants of V. vinifera Thompson Seedless. This study successfully created transgenic plants of V. vinifera Thompson Seedless which overexpressed VqSTS6, cloned from Chinese wild type V. quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed a variable range in transcript levels among transgenic lines. The resistance to powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) was particularly enhanced in lines most highly expressing VqSTS6. Compared with the non-transformed controls, trans-resveratrol and other stilbene compounds were significantly increased in the transgenic lines. The correlation between high resveratrol content and high pathogen resistance in transgenic grapes is discussed. We hypothesize that the fruit-specific, highly expressed gene VqSTS6 from Chinese wild V. quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2, is directly involved in the resveratrol synthesis pathway in grapes, and plays an important role in the plant's defense against pathogens. Genetic transformation of VqSTS6 explored the potential of the wild Chinese grape species for use in breeding, the results of which would raise both the disease resistance and the fruit quality of V. vinifera grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, No.3, Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Kunova A, Pizzatti C, Bonaldi M, Cortesi P. Metrafenone resistance in a population of Erysiphe necator in northern Italy. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:398-404. [PMID: 26079510 PMCID: PMC5034827 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metrafenone has been used in Europe in integrated pest management programmes since 2006 to control powdery mildews, including Erysiphe necator. Its exact mode of action is not known, but it is unique among fungicide classes used in powdery mildew management. Recently, resistance to metrafenone was reported in Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. In this study we investigated metrafenone resistance in Erysiphe necator in northern Italy. RESULTS Metrafenone efficacy to control grapevine powdery mildew was monitored in three consecutive years in the field, and its reduced activity was observed in 2013. Out of 13 monoconidial isolates, two sensitive strains were identified, which did not grow at the fungicide concentration recommended for field application. The remaining strains showed variable response to metrafenone, and five of them grew and sporulated similarly to the control, even at 1250 mg L(-1) of metrafenone. Moreover, the resistant strains showed cross-resistance to pyriofenone, which belongs to the same FRAC group as metrafenone. CONCLUSION The results indicate the emergence of metrafenone resistance in an Italian population of Erysiphe necator. Further studies are needed to gain insight into the metrafenone's mode of action and to understand the impact of resistance on changes in the pathogen population structure, fitness and spread of resistant strains, which will be indicative for designing appropriate antiresistance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kunova
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Pizzatti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Maria Bonaldi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Cortesi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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