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Almadi L, Frioni T, Farinelli D, Paoletti A, Cinosi N, Rosati A, Moretti C, Buonaurio R, Famiani F. Dodine an effective alternative to copper for controlling Venturia oleaginea, the causal agent of pea-cock eye disease, in highly infected olive trees. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1369048. [PMID: 38516668 PMCID: PMC10954882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A trial was carried out in central Italy in an olive orchard of cultivar Moraiolo, highly infected by Venturia oleaginea. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effects of autumn and spring applications of copper oxychloride or dodine to control the disease. Non treated trees were used as the control. The effects of the fungal attacks on leaves and inflorescence development confirmed the high susceptibility of the cultivar Moraiolo to the disease. The results show that in trees heavily infected, but with most of the infected leaves at the early stage of the disease (asymptomatic phase), treatments with dodine had a curative effect, with consequent reduction in the appearance of symptomatic leaves and defoliation with respect to the control or copper-treated trees. The use of dodine against the autumnal attacks of V. oleaginea allowed most of the old leaves to be maintained until the new ones had formed, which is important for the growth processes during the early part of the growing season. Overall, the results indicate that to efficiently control the pathogen using copper compounds, treatments must start soon after the beginning of the attack and be repeated in order to maintain the infection at a low level. Dodine can be efficiently used if there is a great increase in infected leaves. The use of dodine to solve particular situations and not for normal repeated use is regulated by the fact that in some countries, Italy included, protocols for integrated pest management allow only one dodine treatment/year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Almadi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle produzioni vegetali sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Farinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Paoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cinosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adolfo Rosati
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca OLIVICOLTURA, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura (CREA–OFA), Spoleto, Italy
| | - Chiaraluce Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Buonaurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Gomes T, Pereira JA, Moya-Laraño J, Poveda J, Lino-Neto T, Baptista P. Deciphering plant health status: The link between secondary metabolites, fungal community and disease incidence in olive tree. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1048762. [PMID: 37035041 PMCID: PMC10073708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1048762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated microorganisms are increasingly recognized to play key roles in host health. Among several strategies, associated microorganisms can promote the production of specific metabolites by their hosts. However, there is still a huge gap in the understanding of such mechanisms in plant-microorganism interaction. Here, we want to determine whether different levels of olive leaf spot (OLS) disease incidence were related to differences in the composition of fungal and secondary metabolites (i.e. phenolic and volatile compounds) in leaves from olive tree cultivars with contrasting OLS susceptibilities (ranging from tolerant to highly susceptible). Accordingly, leaves with three levels of OLS incidence from both cultivars were used to assess epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities, by barcoding of cultivable isolates, as well as to evaluate leaf phenolic and volatile composition. Fungal and metabolite compositions variations were detected according to the level of disease incidence. Changes were particularly noticed for OLS-tolerant cultivars, opposing to OLS-susceptible cultivars, suggesting that disease development is linked, not only to leaf fungal and metabolite composition, but also to host genotype. A set of metabolites/fungi that can act as predictive biomarkers of plant tolerance/susceptibility to OLS disease were identified. The metabolites α-farnesene and p-cymene, and the fungi Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. were more related to disease incidence, while Pyronema domesticum was related to the absence of disease symptoms. Cultivar susceptibility to OLS disease is then suggested to be driven by fungi, volatile and phenolic host leaves composition, and above all to plant-fungus interaction. A deeper understanding of these complex interactions may unravel plant defensive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gomes
- Centro De Investigação De Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões De Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico De Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro De Investigação De Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões De Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico De Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental De Zonas Áridas - CSIC, Almería, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Centro De Investigação De Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões De Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico De Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro De Investigação De Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões De Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico De Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Hladnik M, Unković N, Janakiev T, Grbić ML, Arbeiter AB, Stanković S, Janaćković P, Gavrilović M, Rančić D, Bandelj D, Dimkić I. An Insight into an Olive Scab on the "Istrska Belica" Variety: Host-Pathogen Interactions and Phyllosphere Mycobiome. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02131-4. [PMID: 36307735 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is one of the most important agricultural plants, affected by several pests and diseases that cause a severe decline in health status leading to crop losses. Olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Venturia oleaginea can result in complete tree defoliation and consequently lower yield. The aim of the study was to obtain new knowledge related to plant-pathogen interaction, reveal mechanisms of plant defense against the pathogen, and characterize fungal phyllosphere communities on infected and symptomless leaves that could contribute to the development of new plant breeding strategies and identification of novel biocontrol agents. The highly susceptible olive variety "Istrska Belica"' was selected for a detailed evaluation. Microscopy analyses led to the observation of raphides in the mesophyll and parenchyma cells of infected leaves and gave new insight into the complex V. oleaginea pathogenesis. Culturable and total phyllosphere mycobiota, obtained via metabarcoding approach, highlighted Didymella, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria species as overlapping between infected and symptomless leaves. Only Venturia and Erythrobasidium in infected and Cladosporium in symptomless samples with higher abundance showed statistically significant differences. Based on the ecological role of identified taxa, it can be suggested that Cladosporium species might have potential antagonistic effects on V. oleaginea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nikola Unković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Janakiev
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Slaviša Stanković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peđa Janaćković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Gavrilović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Rančić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Thomidis T, Michos K, Chatzipapadopoulos F, Tampaki A. Evaluation of Two Predictive Models for Forecasting Olive Leaf Spot in Northern Greece. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10061200. [PMID: 34204605 PMCID: PMC8231239 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaf spot (Venturia oleaginea) is a very important disease in olive trees worldwide. The introduction of predictive models for forecasting the appearance of a disease can lead to improved disease management. One of the aims of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and leaf wetness on conidial germination of local isolates of V. oleaginea. The results showed that a temperature range of 5 to 25 °C was appropriate for conidial germination, with 20 °C being the optimum. It was also found that at least 12 h of leaf wetness was required to start the germination of V. oleaginea conidia at the optimum temperature. The second aim of this study was to validate the above generic model and a polynomial model for forecasting olive leaf spot disease under the field conditions of Potidea Chalkidiki, Northern Greece. The results showed that both models correctly predicted infection periods. However, there were differences in the severity of the infection, as demonstrated by the goodness-of-fit for the data collected on leaves of olive trees in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Specifically, the generic model predicted lower severity, which fits well with the incidence of the disease symptoms on unsprayed trees. In contrast, the polynomial model predicted high severity levels of infection, but these did not fit well with the incidence of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thomidis
- Department of Nutritional Science and Diabetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310013342
| | - Konstantinos Michos
- Neuropublic S.A., Information Technologies & Smart Farming Services, Piraeus, 18545 Attica, Greece; (K.M.); (F.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Fotis Chatzipapadopoulos
- Neuropublic S.A., Information Technologies & Smart Farming Services, Piraeus, 18545 Attica, Greece; (K.M.); (F.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Amalia Tampaki
- Neuropublic S.A., Information Technologies & Smart Farming Services, Piraeus, 18545 Attica, Greece; (K.M.); (F.C.); (A.T.)
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Jaber MY, Bao J, Gao X, Zhang L, He D, Wang X, Wang A, Wang Z, Wang B. Genome Sequence of Venturia oleaginea, the Causal Agent of Olive Leaf Scab. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1095-1097. [PMID: 32420795 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-20-0070-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaf scab, also known as peacock spot disease, caused by Venturia oleaginea (syn. Spilocaea oleaginea and Fusicladium oleagineum) is the most widespread and economically important fungal disease attacking olive in production countries. Here, we report the first highly contiguous whole-genome sequence (46.08 Mb) of one isolate, YUN35, of V. oleaginea. The described genome sequence and annotation resource will be useful to study the fungal biology, pathogen-host interaction, characterization of genes of interest, and population genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Jaber
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuqin Gao
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Dou He
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Airong Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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Varanda CMR, Materatski P, Landum M, Campos MD, Félix MDR. Fungal Communities Associated with Peacock and Cercospora Leaf Spots in Olive. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8060169. [PMID: 31212781 PMCID: PMC6630884 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Venturia oleaginea and Pseudocercospora cladosporioides are two of the most important olive fungal pathogens causing leaf spots: peacock spot, and cercosporiosis, respectively. In the present study, fungal communities associated with the presence of these pathogens were investigated. Overall, 300 symptomatic and asymptomatic trees from different cultivars were sampled from Alentejo, Portugal. A total of 788 fungal isolates were obtained and classified into 21 OTUs; Ascomycota was clearly the predominant phylum (96.6%). Trees from cultivar 'Galega vulgar' showed a significant higher fungal richness when compared to 'Cobrançosa', which in turn showed significant higher values than 'Picual'. Concerning plant health status, symptomatic plants showed significant higher fungal richness, mainly due to the high number of isolates of the pathogens V. oleaginea and P. cladosporioides. In terms of fungal diversity, there were two major groups: ca. 90% of the isolates found in symptomatic plants belonged to V. oleaginea, P. cladosporioides, Chalara sp., and Foliophoma sp. while ca. 90% of the isolates found in asymptomatic plants, belonged to Alternaria sp. and Epicoccum sp. This study highlights the existence of different fungal communities in olive trees, including potential antagonistic organisms that can have a significant impact on diseases and consequently on olive production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M R Varanda
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Materatski
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Landum
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Maria Doroteia Campos
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
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