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Sun MY, Zhang X, Yu PC, Liu D, Yang Y, Cui WW, Yang XN, Lei YT, Li XH, Wang WH, Cao P, Wang HS, Zhu MX, Li CZ, Wang R, Fan YZ, Yu Y. Vanilloid agonist-mediated activation of TRPV1 channels requires coordinated movement of the S1-S4 bundle rather than a quiescent state. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1062-1076. [PMID: 36546250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1) channel plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, and a comprehensive understanding of TRPV1 gating will create opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Recent incredible advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have yielded high-resolution structures of all TRPV subtypes (TRPV1-6) and all of them share highly conserved six transmembrane (TM) domains (S1-S6). As revealed by the open structures of TRPV1 in the presence of a bound vanilloid agonist (capsaicin or resiniferatoxin), TM helicesS1 to S4 form a bundle that remains quiescent during channel activation, highlighting differences in the gating mechanism of TRPV1 and voltage-gated ion channels. Here, however, we argue that the structural dynamics rather than quiescence of S1-S4 domains is necessary for capsaicin-mediated activation of TRPV1. Using fluorescent unnatural amino acid (flUAA) incorporation and voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) analysis, we directly observed allostery of the S1-S4 bundle upon capsaicin binding. Covalent occupation of VCF-identified sites, single-channel recording, cell apoptosis analysis, and exploration of the role of PSFL828, a novel non-vanilloid agonist we identified, have collectively confirmed the essential role of this coordinated S1-S4 motility in capsaicin-mediated activation of TRPV1. This study concludes that, in contrast to cryo-EM structural studies, vanilloid agonists are also required for S1-S4 movement during TRPV1 activation. Redefining the gating process of vanilloid agonists and the discovery of new non-vanilloid agonists will allow the evaluation of new strategies aimed at the development of TRPV1 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yun-Tao Lei
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xing-Hua Li
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chang-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying-Zhe Fan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Abstract
Initially developed in the mid-1990s to examine the conformational changes of the canonical Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel, functional site-directed fluorometry has since been expanded to numerous other voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels as well as transporters, pumps, and other integral membrane proteins. The power of functional site-directed fluorometry, also known as voltage-clamp fluorometry, lies in its ability to provide information on the conformational changes in a protein in response to changes in its environment with high temporal resolution while simultaneously monitoring the function of that protein. Over time, applications of site-directed fluorometry have expanded to examine the interactions of ion channels with modulators ranging from membrane potential to ligands to accessory protein subunits to lipids. In the future, the range of questions answerable by functional site-directed fluorometry and its interpretive power should continue to improve, making it an even more powerful technique for dissecting the conformational dynamics of ion channels and other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Priest
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science W229M, 929 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Francisco Bezanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science W229M, 929 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA.
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