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Bilger A, Frenzel F, Oehlke O, Wiehle R, Milanovic D, Prokic V, Nieder C, Grosu AL. Local control and overall survival after frameless radiosurgery: A single center experience. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 7:55-61. [PMID: 29594230 PMCID: PMC5862646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been increasingly advocated for 1-3 small brain metastases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical results in patients with brain metastases treated with LINAC-based SRS using a thermoplastic mask (non-invasive fixation system) and Image-Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT). Material and Methods In this single-institution study 48 patients with 77 brain metastases were treated between February 2012 and January 2014. The prescribed dose was 20 Gy or 18 Gy as a single fraction. SRS was performed with a True Beam STX Novalis Radiosurgery LINAC (Varian Medical Systems). The verification of positioning was done using the BrainLAB ExacTrac ® X-ray 6D system and cone-beam CT. Results In 69 of 77 treated brain metastases (90%) the follow-up was documented on MR imaging performed every 3 months. Mean follow-up time was 10.86 months. Estimated 1-year local control was 83%, using the Kaplan-Meier method. In 7/69 brain metastases (10%) local failure (LF) was diagnosed. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.73 months, largely due to distant brain relapse. A GTV of ≤2.0 cm3 was significantly associated with a better PFS than a GTV >2.0 cm3. Extracranial stable disease and GTV ≤2.5 cm³ were significant predictors of OS.We observed 2 cases of radiation necrosis diagnosed by histology after surgical resection. No other cases of severe side effects (CTACE ≥ 3) were observed. Conclusion LINAC-based frameless SRS with the BrainLAB Mask using the BrainLAB ExacTrac ® X-ray 6D system for patient positioning is well tolerated, safe and leads to favorable crude local control of 90%. In our experience, local control after frameless (ringless) SRS is as good as ring-based SRS reported in literature. Without invasive head fixation, radiotherapy is more comfortable for patients.
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Key Words
- Brain metastases
- CBCT, cone-beam CT
- CT, computed tomography
- CTCAE, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0
- DC, distant intracranial tumor control
- DRR, digitally reconstructed radiographs
- GTV, Gross Tumor Volume
- IGRT, Image-Guided Radiotherapy
- LC, Local Control
- LINAC
- LINAC, Linear Accelerator
- OS, Overall Survival
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PTV, planning target volume
- RPA, recursive partitioning analysis
- Radiosurgery
- SRS, Stereotactic radiosurgery
- WBRT, Whole Brain Radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bilger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Frenzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Oehlke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Wiehle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dusan Milanovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vesna Prokic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Carsten Nieder
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str.3, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
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