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Jetson J, Maioli H, Harruff RC, Jackson NR. From intimate partners to serial killers: Nearly 40 years of female homicides in King County, Washington (1978-2016). J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:932-943. [PMID: 38314613 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
An extreme, known potential outcome of intimate partner violence (IPV) is death, with national data revealing females are more likely to be killed by intimate partners than by others. In a novel pairing, the King County Medical Examiner's Office data management system and the Washington State Attorney General's Office's Homicide Information Tracking System were retrospectively analyzed (1978-2016) with information gathered pertaining to female homicide victims. Analyses show that female victims commonly knew their assailant(s) (79.3%) who were overwhelmingly male (92.8%) and commonly intimate partners (31.4%). Disproportionately represented were Black (20.17%) and Native American (4.25%) females; Asian/Pacific Islander (2.5 times that of Whites) and elderly (24%) females among homicide-suicide deaths; and Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic females in cases of IPV. "Domestic violence" was the most cited motive (34.3%) and most assaults occurred in a residence (58.73%). Females under 10 years of age were most commonly killed by a parent or caregiver (42.86%), while those over 70 were most likely to be killed by a child (23.08%) or spouse (21.80%). Serial murders, most commonly by the Green River Killer (80%) but including others, accounted for at least 7% of deaths, with victims notably young and commonly sex workers (68%). As compared to males, females were more likely to be killed by multiple modalities, asphyxia, and sharp force, though IPV-related deaths were more likely to be associated with firearms. This study reinforces the vulnerability of females to IPV, sexual assault, and serial murders as well as to caretakers at the extremities of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Jetson
- King County Medical Examiner's Office, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heather Maioli
- King County Medical Examiner's Office, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard C Harruff
- King County Medical Examiner's Office, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole R Jackson
- King County Medical Examiner's Office, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Risien CM, Hough KR, Waddell J, Fewings MR, Cervantes BT. Hydrographic shipboard profile data collected within Olympic coast national marine sanctuary, 2005-2023. Data Brief 2024; 53:110171. [PMID: 38375135 PMCID: PMC10875220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary (OCNMS), which was established in 1994 and covers an area of 8257 km2, is located along Washington State's remote and rugged outer coast towards the northernmost extent of the California Current System (CCS). In this region, summertime equatorward winds drive seasonal upwelling of cold, nutrient rich waters onto the continental shelf. These waters help fuel a highly diverse and productive ecosystem that includes marine mammal and seabird communities as well as commercially and culturally important fisheries. The sanctuary is located within the boundaries of the legally defined Usual and Accustomed (U&A) fishing grounds of four Coastal Treaty Tribes, the Hoh Tribe, Makah Tribe, Quileute Tribe, and the Quinault Indian Nation, which hold treaty fishing rights and co-manage fisheries and other natural resources within the sanctuary through state, federal, and international partnerships and agreements. This data article describes shipboard hydrographic Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data that were collected within the sanctuary at fourteen locations during mooring deployment, recovery, and maintenance cruises between the months of May and October from 2005-2023. The 792 CTD profiles were acquired using Sea-Bird Scientific 19 SeaCAT or 19plus SeaCAT CTD profilers with associated SBE-43 (Sea-Bird Electronics) or Beckman or YSI-type (Yellow Springs Instruments) dissolved oxygen sensors. The data were processed using Sea-Bird Scientific's SBE Data Processing application. These data are needed for improving our understanding of subsurface oceanographic conditions - including marine heat waves, changes in timing of spring transition to upwelling, seasonal hypoxia, and ocean acidification - in this important but undersampled region, and can be used to help improve the management of marine resources regionally and within the sanctuary. The CTD cast data are available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10466124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Risien
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Hough
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Port Angeles, WA 98362, USA
| | - Jeannette Waddell
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Port Angeles, WA 98362, USA
| | - Melanie R. Fewings
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Brandy T. Cervantes
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Capozzi SL, Leang AL, Rodenburg LA, Chandramouli B, Delistraty DA, Carter CH. PFAS in municipal landfill leachate: Occurrence, transformation, and sources. Chemosphere 2023; 334:138924. [PMID: 37209854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To understand sources and processes affecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 32 PFAS were measured in landfill leachate from 17 landfills across Washington State in both pre-and post-total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay samples, using an analytical method that was the precursor to EPA Draft Method 1633. As in other studies, 5:3FTCA was the dominant PFAS in the leachate, suggesting that carpets, textiles, and food packaging were the main sources of PFAS. Total PFAS concentrations (Σ32PFAS) ranged from 61 to 172,976 ng/L and 580-36,122 ng/L in pre-TOP and post-TOP samples, respectively, suggesting that little or no uncharacterized precursors remained in landfill leachate. Furthermore, due to chain-shortening reactions, the TOP assay often resulted in a loss of overall PFAS mass. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the combined pre- and post-TOP samples produced five factors that represent sources and processes. Factor 1 consisted primarily of 5:3FTCA (intermediate of 6:2 fluorotelomer degradation and characteristic of landfill leachate), while factor 2 was dominated by PFBS (degradant of C-4 sulfonamide chemistry) and, to a lesser extent, by several PFCAs and 5:3FTCA. Factor 3 consisted primarily of both short-chain PFCAs (end-products of 6:2 fluorotelomer degradation) and PFHxS (derived from C-6 sulfonamide chemistry), while the main component of factor 4 was PFOS (dominant in many environmental media but minor in landfill leachate, perhaps reflecting a production shift from longer to shorter chain PFAS). Factor 5, highly loaded with PFCAs, was dominant in post-TOP samples and therefore represented the oxidation of precursors. Overall, PMF analysis suggests that the TOP assay approximates some redox processes which occur in landfills, including chain-shortening reactions which yield biodegradable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Capozzi
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy L Leang
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Shoreline, WA, USA; University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa A Rodenburg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | | | | | - Cole H Carter
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Spokane, WA, USA
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Lewis S, Hoppe A, Larson K, Lobova V, Kumar A. Do the research priorities identified in SAGES Delphi studies resonate with rural general surgeons: a Washington state perspective. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-022-09811-9. [PMID: 36746816 PMCID: PMC9901825 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural surgeons operate in an environment significantly different from that of their colleagues, and as such they face unique challenges. We hypothesized the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) research agenda (as identified in the results of the 2014 Delphi study) will differ in its priorities from those identified by rural surgeons. We aimed to pilot a study in Washington state that could be replicated in other areas of the USA and the world. METHODS We identified general surgeons working at rural critical access hospitals in the state of Washington. We then conducted virtual, semi-structured interviews and followed up with surveys and site visits. The survey included the 2014 SAGES Delphi-ranked research priorities. We asked rural surgeons to rank their top 5 of these 40 priorities and to detail any additional which were not on the list. RESULTS We contacted 79 surgeons with a 30% response rate. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews and received 18 completed follow-up surveys. These interviews were followed by site visits at 4 of the 23 sites. Of the original Delphi research priorities, those most cited by rural surgeons were #8 ("What is the best method for incorporating new techniques and technology for surgeons of variable levels of experience or training?") and #1 ("How do we best train, assess, and maintain proficiency of surgeons and surgical trainees in flexible endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery?"). Four surgeons included the last SAGES priority (#40 "Is quality of life improved after ventral hernia repair?") among their top 5. CONCLUSION This study suggests that although rural surgeons' research priorities align with the published SAGES Delphi survey, these surgeons rank the priorities differently. This may be because the predominant study population of the Delphi is SAGES membership who work in urban and academic centers. Plans for future SAGES Delphi survey could capture these unique priorities by intentional involvement of rural and community surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lewis
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
| | - Athena Hoppe
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
| | - Katelyn Larson
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
| | - Veronika Lobova
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
| | - Anjali Kumar
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
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Takagi-Stewart J, Muma A, Umali CV, Nelson M, Bansal I, Patel S, Vavilala MS, Mooney SJ. Microscale pedestrian environment surrounding pedestrian injury sites in Washington state, 2015-2020. Traffic Inj Prev 2022; 23:440-445. [PMID: 35877997 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While microscale pedestrian environment features such as sidewalks and crosswalks can affect pedestrian safety, it is challenging to assess microscale environment associated risk across locations or at scale. Addressing these challenges requires an efficient auditing protocol that can be used to assess frequencies of microscale environment features. For this reason, we developed an eight-item pedestrian environment virtual audit protocol and conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of pedestrian injury in Washington State, USA. METHODS We used data from police reports at pedestrian-automotive collision sites where the pedestrian was seriously injured or died. At each collision site, high school students participating in an online summer internship program virtually audited Google Street View imagery to assess the presence of microscale pedestrian environment features such as crosswalks and streetlighting. We assessed inter-rater reliability using Cohen's kappa and explored prevalence of eight microscale environment features in relation to injury severity and municipal boundaries. RESULTS There were 2248 motor vehicle crashes eliciting police response and resulting in death or serious injury of a pedestrian in Washington State between January 1, 2015 and May 8, 2020. Of the crashes resulting in serious injury or death, 498 (22%) resulted in fatalities and 1840 (82%) occurred within municipal boundaries. Cohen's kappa scores for the eight pedestrian features that were audited ranged from 0.52 to 0.86. Audit results confirmed that features such as sidewalks and crosswalks were more common at collision sites within city limits. CONCLUSIONS High school student volunteers with minimal training can reliably audit microscale pedestrian environments using limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Takagi-Stewart
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amy Muma
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina V Umali
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michaela Nelson
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ishan Bansal
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sejal Patel
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Monica S Vavilala
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Leang AL, Meyer JE, Manahan CC, Delistraty DA, Rieck RJ, Powell TP, Smith MN, Perkins MS. Regulation of Persistent Chemicals in Hazardous Waste: A Case Study of Washington State, USA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021; 17:455-464. [PMID: 33150999 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing controversy, several strategic frameworks for defining chemicals of concern (e.g., persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic [PBT]; persistent, mobile, toxic [PMT]; persistent organic pollutant [POP]) share persistence as a key criterion. Persistence should be considered over the entire chemical life cycle from production to disposal, including hazardous waste management. As a case study, we evaluate persistence criteria in hazardous waste regulations in Washington state, USA, illustrate impacts on reported waste, and propose refinements in these criteria. Although Washington state defines persistence based on half-life (>1 y) and specific chemical groups that exceed summed concentration thresholds in waste (i.e., >0.01% halogenated organic compounds [HOCs] and >1.0% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]), persistence is typically addressed with HOC and PAH evaluation but seldom with half-life estimation. Notably, persistence is considered (with no specific criteria) in corresponding federal regulations in the United States (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act). Consequently, businesses in Washington state report annual amounts of state hazardous waste (including persistent waste) separately from federal hazardous waste. Total state-only waste, and total state and federal waste combined, nearly doubled (by weight) from 2008 to 2018. For the period 2016 to 2018, persistence criteria captured 17% of state-only waste and 2% of total state and federal waste combined. Two recommendations are proposed to improve persistence criteria in hazardous waste regulations. First, Washington state should consider aligning its half-life criterion with federal and European Union PBT definitions (e.g., 60-120 d) for consistency and provide specific methods for half-life estimation. Second, the state should consider expanding its list of persistent chemical groups (e.g., siloxanes, organometallics) with protective concentration thresholds. Ultimately, to the extent possible, Washington state should strive toward harmonizing persistence in hazardous waste regulations with corresponding criteria in global PBT, PMT, and POP frameworks. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:455-464. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Leang
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Bellevue, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Justin E Meyer
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Craig C Manahan
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Damon A Delistraty
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Robert J Rieck
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Teague P Powell
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Marissa N Smith
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Myles S Perkins
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Bellevue, Washington, USA
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Antivilo FG, Paz RC, Keller M, Borgo R, Tognetti J, Juñent FR. Macro- and microclimate conditions may alter grapevine deacclimation: variation in thermal amplitude in two contrasting wine regions from North and South America. Int J Biometeorol 2017; 61:2033-2045. [PMID: 28717999 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a limiting factor that affects vineyard distribution globally. The level of cold hardiness acquired during the dormant season by Vitis sp. is crucial for winter survival. Most research published on this topic has been generated beyond 40° N latitude, where daily mean temperatures may attain injurious levels during the dormant season resulting in significant damage to vines and buds. Symptoms of cold injury have been identified in Mendoza (32-35° S latitude), a Southern Hemisphere wine region characterized by a high thermal amplitude, and warm winds during the dormant season. These symptoms have usually been attributed to drought and/or pathogens, but not to rapid deacclimation followed by injurious low temperatures. Because local information on meteorological events as probable causes is scarce, this research was designed to test and study this assumption by comparing macro-, meso-, and microclimatic data from Mendoza, Argentina, and eastern Washington, USA. The goal was to unveil why freezing damage has occurred in both regions, despite the existence of large climatic differences. Because environmental parameters under field conditions may not correspond to data recorded by conventional weather stations, sensors were installed in vineyards for comparison. Microclimatic conditions on grapevines were also evaluated to assess the most vulnerable portions of field-grown grapevines. In order to better understand if it may be possible to modify cold hardiness status in a short period with high thermal amplitude conditions, deacclimation was induced using a thermal treatment. Hence, despite the fact that Mendoza is warmer, and temperatures are not as extreme as in Washington, high daily thermal amplitude might be partially involved in plant deacclimation, leading to a differential cold hardiness response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gonzalez Antivilo
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA, CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín,, PO Box 5500, CC 330, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Rosalía Cristina Paz
- CIGEOBIO (FCEFyN, UNSJ/CONICET), Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (Oeste), J5402DCS, Rivadavia, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Roberto Borgo
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Tognetti
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal-Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fidel Roig Juñent
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA, CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Parque Gral. San Martín,, PO Box 5500, CC 330, Mendoza, Argentina
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Kim JH, Tillmann U, Adams NG, Krock B, Stutts WL, Deeds JR, Han MS, Trainer VL. Identification of Azadinium species and a new azaspiracid from Azadinium poporum in Puget Sound, Washington State, USA. Harmful Algae 2017; 68:152-167. [PMID: 28962976 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a new suite of toxins, called azaspiracids (AZA), as the cause of human illnesses after the consumption of shellfish from the Irish west coast in 1995, resulted in interest in understanding the global distribution of these toxins and of species of the small dinoflagellate genus Azadinium, known to produce them. Clonal isolates of four species of Azadinium, A. poporum, A. cuneatum, A. obesum and A. dalianense were obtained from incubated sediment samples collected from Puget Sound, Washington State in 2016. These Azadinium species were identified using morphological characteristics confirmed by molecular phylogeny. Whereas AZA could not be detected in any strains of A. obesum, A. cuneatum and A. dalianense, all four strains of A. poporum produced a new azaspiracid toxin, based on LC-MS analysis, named AZA-59. The presence of AZA-59 was confirmed at low levels in situ using a solid phase resin deployed at several stations along the coastlines of Puget Sound. Using a combination of molecular methods for species detection and solid phase resin deployment to target shellfish monitoring of toxin at high-risk sites, the risk of azaspiracid shellfish poisoning can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Nicolaus G Adams
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Whitney L Stutts
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jonathan R Deeds
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Myung-Soo Han
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
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Arcella T, Hood GR, Powell THQ, Sim SB, Yee WL, Schwarz D, Egan SP, Goughnour RB, Smith JJ, Feder JL. Hybridization and the spread of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the northwestern United States. Evol Appl 2015; 8:834-46. [PMID: 26366200 PMCID: PMC4561572 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization may be an important process interjecting variation into insect populations enabling host plant shifts and the origin of new economic pests. Here, we examine whether hybridization between the native snowberry-infesting fruit fly Rhagoletis zephyria (Snow) and the introduced quarantine pest R. pomonella (Walsh) is occurring and may aid the spread of the latter into more arid commercial apple-growing regions of central Washington state, USA. Results for 19 microsatellites implied hybridization occurring at a rate of 1.44% per generation between the species. However, there was no evidence for increased hybridization in central Washington. Allele frequencies for seven microsatellites in R. pomonella were more 'R. zephyria-like' in central Washington, suggesting that genes conferring resistance to desiccation may be adaptively introgressing from R. zephyria. However, in only one case was the putatively introgressing allele from R. zephyria not found in R. pomonella in the eastern USA. Thus, many of the alleles changing in frequency may have been prestanding in the introduced R. pomonella population. The dynamics of hybridization are therefore complex and nuanced for R. pomonella, with various causes and factors, including introgression for a portion, but not all of the genome, potentially contributing to the pest insect's spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Arcella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Glen R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Thomas H Q Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sheina B Sim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wee L Yee
- USDA-ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory Wapato, WA, USA
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA ; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - James J Smith
- Departments of Entomology & Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University E. Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA ; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA ; Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
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