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Li W, Li C, Yang H, Yang H, Qu J, Han Y, Li X, Yu ZZ. Well-designed lamellar reduced graphene oxide-based foam for high-performance solar-driven water purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:716-725. [PMID: 38271807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although solar steam generation is promising for seawater desalination, it is less effective in purifying wastewater with both salt/heavy metal ions and organic contaminants. It is thus imperative to develop multifunctional integrated solar-driven water purification systems with high solar-thermal evaporation and photocatalytic degradation efficiencies. Herein, a lamellar reduced graphene oxide (L-RGO) foam with the vertical lamellar structure is fabricated by bidirectional-freezing, lyophilization, and slight chemical reduction for water purification. The unique vertical lamellar structure not only accelerates upward transport of water for facilitating water evaporation but also endows the L-RGO foam with superb high elasticity for tuning the interlayer distance and varying interactions between the oxygen-containing groups and water molecules to adjust water energy state. As a result, the L-RGO foam achieves a superb water evaporation rate of 2.40 kg m-2 h-1 along with an energy efficiency of 95.3 % under the compressive strain of 44.7 % under 1-sun irradiation. Equally importantly, the decoration of L-RGO foam with polypyrrole is capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants while retaining high solar steam generation performances, exhibiting great potential in the comprehensive treatment of various water sources for relieving freshwater crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haimin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Haining Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Wang S, Liu M, Gao Y, Zhao H, Zhu H, Du R, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Wang Y, Song Y, Yang F. A CuCo Bimetal Confined Hollow SiC Hybrid Photothermal Nanoreactor for the Integration of Pollutant Mineralization and Solar-Powered Water Evaporation. ChemSusChem 2024:e202400406. [PMID: 38568166 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing attention has been paid to the rational treatment of antibiotics-bearing medical wastewater. However, the complexity of polluted wastewater makes the later comprehensive treatment difficult only by the Advanced Oxidation Process technique. Therefore, the coupled water treatment techniques including contaminant mineralization and regeneration of cleanwater become very attractive. A bimetallic functional hollow nanoreactor defined as (Co@SiO2/Cu-X) was successfully constructed by coating a Cu-doped silica layer on the metal-organic framework (ZIF-67) followed by programmed calcination in nitrogen. The nanoreactor was endowed with a hollow configuration composed of mesoporous N-doping C-Silica hybrid shell encapsulated ultrafine Cu and Co metallic species. Such a configuration allows for the efficient diffusion and open reaction space of big contaminant molecules. The catalytic synergy of exposed Co-Cu bimetals and the easy accessibility of electron-rich contaminants by polar N doping sites triggered surface affinity make the optimal Co@SiO2/Cu-6 afford an excellent catalytic norfloxacin mineralization activity (7 min, kabs=0.744 min-1) compared to Cu-free Co@SiO2-6 (kabs=0.493 min-1) and Co-6 (kabs=0.378 min-1) Benefiting from the above unique advantages, Co@SiO2/Cu-6 show excellent removal performance in degrading different pollutants (carbamazepine, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and bisphenol A) and persistent recycled stability in removing NFX. In addition, by virtue of the excellent photothermal properties, interfacial solar water evaporation application by Co@SiO2/Cu-6 was further explored to reach the regeneration of cleanwater (1.595 kg m-2 h-1, 97.51 %). The integration of pollutant mineralization and solar water evaporation by creating the monolith evaporation by anchoring the Co@SiO2/Cu-6 onto the tailored melamine sponge allows the regeneration of cleanwater (1.6 kg⋅m-2⋅h-1) and synchronous pollutant removal (NFX, 95 %, 60 min), which provides potential possibility the treatment of complicated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Yarao Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Hongyao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Hongyang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Rongrong Du
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Zengjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Yiyan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Infectious Disease Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
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3
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Zheng QT, Yang CBX, Feng SJ, Wu SJ, Zhang XL. Influence mechanism of thermally enhanced phase change on heat transfer and soil vapour extraction. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 257:104202. [PMID: 37295261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal enhanced soil vapour extraction (T-SVE) is a remedial technique involving gas, aqueous, solid and nonaqueous phases along with mass and heat transfer. Interphase mass transfer of contaminants and water evaporation/condensation will cause the redistribution of phase saturation, eventually affecting the performance of T-SVE. In this study, a multiphase, multicompositional and nonisothermal model was developed to simulate the T-SVE treatment of contaminated soil. The model was calibrated using published data from the SVE laboratory and T-SVE field experiments. The temporal and spatial distributions of the contaminant concentrations in the four different phases, the mass transfer rates and the temperatures are presented to reveal the coupling interactions that occur between multiple fields during T-SVE. A series of parametric studies were carried out to investigate the effect of water evaporation and adsorbed/dissolved contaminants on the T-SVE performance. It was found that endothermic evaporation, exothermic condensation and the interaction between different removal paths of a contaminant played critical roles in the thermal enhancement of SVE. Ignoring them can result in significant differences in the removal efficiency values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Teng Zheng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chun-Bai-Xue Yang
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China.
| | - Shi-Jin Feng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shao-Jie Wu
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Jannesarahmadi S, Aminzadeh M, Raga R, Shokri N. Effects of microplastics on evaporation dynamics in porous media. Chemosphere 2023; 311:137023. [PMID: 36330984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is an emerging threat to soil ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the impacts of MPs on soil water evaporation dynamics and patterns. Two series of laboratory experiments were conducted using sand particles and clay mixed with different MPs to investigate how evaporation dynamics and patterns are influenced by the presence of MPs. Quartz sand including 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 4.5% of Polyethylene (PE) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) were used to evaluate MPs effects on evaporation rates while bentonite mixed with sand and 0, 0.75, 1.5, 4.5, 6, 8, and 10% of PE and PVC were used to investigate evaporation-induced cracking patterns. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions in a climate chamber at constant ambient temperature. Our results suggest that the addition of MPs led to more water evaporation compared to the samples without MPs. Microscopic imaging and analysis enabled us to evaluate the possible MPs effects on the modification of soil characteristics and pore structure affecting the evaporation behavior. Moreover, although increasing MPs concentrations appeared to induce only minor effects on the crack morphology formed as a result of evaporation from the mixture of sand and bentonite, the type of MPs (PE vs PVC) had more notable effects on the drying-induced cracking patterns. The reported experimental data and analysis extend our physical understanding of the parameters influencing soil water evaporation in the presence of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jannesarahmadi
- Institute of Geo-Hydroinformatics, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 (E), 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Milad Aminzadeh
- Institute of Geo-Hydroinformatics, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 (E), 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Roberto Raga
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nima Shokri
- Institute of Geo-Hydroinformatics, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 (E), 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Zhang H, Li L, Geng L, Tan X, Hu Y, Mu P, Li J. Reduced graphene oxide/carbon nitride composite sponge for interfacial solar water evaporation and wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 2023; 311:137163. [PMID: 36347356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial solar-driven steam generation has been proposed as a cost-effective green sustainable technology to alleviate the freshwater crisis. However, the desire to produce clean water from water sources containing organic contaminants is still remains a challenge due to the limitations of the traditional wastewater treatment methods. Here, we constructed a g-C3N4-based composite sponge solar steam generator (rGCPP) by a simple hydrothermal reaction. Benefiting from its low cost and easy preparation, this evaporator can be expected to be a promising candidate for the alleviation of water shortages and water pollution in practical applications. By combination of the solar steam generation and the photocatalysis into the rGCPP-based interfacial solar-driven steam generation system, the resulted rGCPP-based solar steam generator performs outstanding solar absorption of 90.8%, which achieves high evaporation rate of 1.875 kg m-2 h-1 and solar-to-vapor efficiency of 81.07% under 1 sun irradiation. Meanwhile, organic pollutants in the water source can be completely removed by photocatalytic degradation and the degradation rates were measured to be 99.20% for methylene blue and 91.07% for rhodamine B, respectively. Consequently, the as-prepared composite sponge has promising applications in generating clean water and alleviating water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Lele Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Le Geng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Xinyan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Peng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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6
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Mo H, Wang Y. A bionic solar-driven interfacial evaporation system with a photothermal-photocatalytic hydrogel for VOC removal during solar distillation. Water Res 2022; 226:119276. [PMID: 36323205 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a breakthrough water treatment method because it harvests solar energy for producing clean water. However, evaporated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in distilled water are the greatest barrier to this technology. Herein, a bionic solar-driven interfacial evaporation system integrating photothermal and photocatalysis technology was developed based on a new combined material TiO2/Ti3C2/C3N4/PVA (TTCP) hydrogel as an evaporator. Phenol-contaminated water, especially actual water (seawater, lake water and reclaimed water), is used to evaluate the water evaporation and VOC photocatalytic degradation performance. The results show that the evaporation rate of TTCP hydrogel was 1.54 kg m - 2h - 1 under 1 kW m - 2, and the removal efficiency of phenol ranged from 69.4% to 100% at different concentrations (1-50 mg/L) in source water. Particularly, the capacity of the bionic evaporator was first evaluated for different types of actual water. Despite the initial TOC (38.12-57.93 mg/L) and total dissolved solids (TDS, 1.35×103-8.78×104 mg/L) for seawater, lake water and reclaimed water being very different, the TDS was decreased by more than two orders of magnitude, below the US EPA drinking water standard (500 mg/L). The maximum TOC removal efficiency reached 80% under simulated sunlight (1 kW m - 2), which is comparable to the efficiency of the ultrafiltration technique previously reported except for seawater. Furthermore, real sunlight (average solar irradiation ∼0.82 kW m- 2) was used to assess the practicability. The bionic evaporator can produce 0.72 kg m - 2h - 1 of vapor from reclaimed water and run with steadily efficient TDS and TOC removals, reaching 99% and 74%, respectively. This technology, as a small, decentralized water treatment method, is a good choice for remote and off-grid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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7
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Gao T, Wang Y, Wu X, Wu P, Yang X, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Owens G, Xu H. More from less: improving solar steam generation by selectively removing a portion of evaporation surface. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1572-1580. [PMID: 36546285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using minimal photothermal material to achieve maximum evaporation rate is extremely important for practical applications of interfacial solar evaporation technology. In this work, we found that with the increase in the size of evaporation surfaces, the evaporation rate decreased. Both experimental and numerical simulation results confirmed that when the evaporation surface size increased, the middle portion of the evaporation surface acted as a "dead evaporation zone" with little contribution to water evaporation. Based on this, the middle portion of the evaporation surface was selectively removed, and counterintuitively, both the evaporation rate and vapor output were increased due to the re-configured and enhanced convection above the entire evaporation surface. As such, this work developed an important strategy to achieve a higher evaporation rate and increased vapour output while using less material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
| | - Yida Wang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
| | - Xuan Wu
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Pan Wu
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210027, China
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University Nathan Campus, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Zhezi Zhang
- Centre for Energy (M473), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dongke Zhang
- Centre for Energy (M473), The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gary Owens
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia
| | - Haolan Xu
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia.
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8
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Li Y, He J, Wang H. Exploring an electric-aid ozone decomposition mode to enhance water resistance over manganese oxide monolith catalyst under high humidity. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129252. [PMID: 35739772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile, green, and effective reaction mode of electric-aid ozone decomposition (EAOD) was developed over a manganese-based monolith catalyst for eliminating ozone under high humidity. The catalyst was prepared by directly growing α-MnO2 nanorods on Al honeycomb substrate (MnO2/Al) via a simple hydrothermal process, and the EAOD mode was performed just by connecting the MnO2/Al monolith catalyst with a DC power supply during ozone decomposition reaction. In the EAOD mode reaction, the MnO2/Al catalyst exhibited a stable ozone conversion efficiency of over 82 % and excellent stability over 720 min under a relative humidity of 90%, well beyond the performance of catalyst in the conventional ozone decomposition reaction without the help of electric aid. Here, the water evaporation by the external electric field generated from the EAOD mode hinders the competitive adsorption of water vapor on the active sites of MnO2/Al catalyst, consequently enhances its water resistance. Moreover, increasing input electric current of the DC power supply could further improve the catalytic activity and stability of the monolith catalyst for ozone decomposition in EAOD mode reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiajun He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Hongmian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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Li R, Zhou C, Yang L, Li J, Zhang G, Tian J, Wu W. Multifunctional cotton with PANI-Ag NPs heterojunction for solar-driven water evaporation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127367. [PMID: 34736217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water evaporation using photothermal materials is a cost-effective and sustainable technology for alleviating the world's freshwater crisis, but oil contaminants and organic pollutants exist in the original water sources, which severely degrade the evaporation performance and pose environmental hazards. In this paper, we demonstrate a photothermal material (multifunctional cotton) that simultaneously demonstrates oil-resistance, organic pollutant removal, and a high water evaporation rate. A Schottky heterostructure was formed between polyaniline (PANI) and Ag NPs, which improved the photothermal conversion and achieved a water evaporation rate of 1.37 kg m-2 h-1 and photothermal conversion efficiency of 84.7% under one-sun illumination (1 kW m-2). Notably, various organic pollutants in the water source were thoroughly removed by visible-light catalytic degradation and adsorption, which displayed efficiencies of 99.3% and 97%, respectively. The multifunctional cotton also possessed excellent superoleophobicity, and repelled oil contaminants and organic pollutants in water. Considering these merits, the as-prepared multifunctional cotton is an outstanding candidate for water evaporation from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wencong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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10
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Wang Y, Wu X, Wu P, Zhao J, Yang X, Owens G, Xu H. Enhancing solar steam generation using a highly thermally conductive evaporator support. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2479-88. [PMID: 36654207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial solar steam generation is an efficient water evaporation technology which has promising applications in desalination, sterilization, water purification and treatment. A common component of evaporator design is a thermal-insulation support placed between the photothermal evaporation surface and bulk water. This configuration, common in 2-dimensional (2D) evaporation systems, minimizes heat loss from evaporation surface to bulk water, thus localizing the heat on the evaporation surface for efficient evaporation. This design is subsequently directly adopted for 3-dimensional (3D) evaporators without any consideration if it is appropriate. However, unlike 2D solar evaporators, the 3D evaporators can also harvest additional energy (other than solar light) from the air and bulk water to enhance evaporation rate. In this scenario, the use of thermal insulator support is not proper since it will hinder energy extraction from water. Here, the traditional 3D evaporator configuration was completely redesigned by using a highly thermally conductive material, instead of a thermal insulator, to connect evaporation surfaces and the bulk water. Much higher evaporation rates were achieved by this strategy, owing to the rapid heat transfer from the bulk water to the evaporation surfaces. Indoor and outdoor tests both confirmed that evaporation performance could be significantly improved by substituting a thermal insulator with thermally conductive support. These findings will redirect the future design of 3D photothermal evaporators.
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11
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Zhang Y, Ma T, Zhang F, Guo W, Yu K, Yang C, Qu F. Yolk-like non-stoichiometric nickel sulfide-based Janus hydrogel photothermal film for enhanced solar-driven water evaporation and multi-media purification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 607:1446-56. [PMID: 34583047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Solar-driven interface water evaporation is a promising strategy for desalination and wastewater treatment. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency (η) and multi-media evaporation applications. In this study, a highly efficient Janus hydrogel photothermal film was developed using yolk-like non-stoichiometric nickel sulfide (NiS2-x) microspheres and agar hydrogel. The NiS2-x immobilized in the agar hydrogel has full-spectrum absorption characteristics at 200-2500 nm, which can perform efficient light-to-heat conversion and regulate water transport channels. Additionally, the pure agar in the bottom can transport water effectively and avoid heat loss. By the pouring method, the Janus hydrogel film can be easily prepared into various shapes; hence, it can be adjusted depending on the environment in which it is used. The optimized Janus hydrogel film (Janus hydrogel-1) possessed good hydrophilicity and showed an excellent solar evaporation rate of 1.45 kg m-2h-1, and a high η of 97% under one-sun irradiation. Theoretical simulation results showed that the outstanding water evaporation performance of Janus hydrogel-1 was mainly due to its relatively free water transport channels. Janus hydrogel-1 can be used for water evaporation applications in various media, including seawater, heavy metal ion/organic wastewater, and domestic sewage. Our work highlights the great potential of Janus hydrogel-1 for realizing a highly effective solar energy-driven interface water evaporation and multi-media purification.
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12
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Cong C, Gao M, Xing G, Wu Y, Liu L, Mainul M, Wang J, Wang Z. Carbon nanomaterials treated by combination of oxidation and flash for highly efficient solar water evaporation. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130248. [PMID: 33773315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The high-efficiency solar evaporation is a potential technique to desalinate hypersaline wastewater and seawater to alleviate the global fresh water shortage. Photo-thermal agent and solar evaporator with low-cost raw materials, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and simple-fast preparation methods is crucial to realize the industrial application of solar evaporation. Herein, carbon nanomaterial with higher light absorption and photo-thermal conversion efficiency than that of carbon black was obtained by combination treatment of carbon black with oxidation and flash illumination. In order to characterize the evaporation performance of the devices, a floating evaporator was fabricated with the carbon nanomaterial on the top of polyethylene foam wrapped with non-woven fabrics. The evaporation rate and photo-thermal conversion efficiency of evaporators were affected significantly by environmental temperature and humidity. At the environmental temperature of 19.5 °C, the evaporator fabricated with the combined treated carbon nanomaterial as photo-thermal agents presents a stable evaporation rate at 1.27 kg m-2 h-1 and solar evaporation efficiency at 78.7% under 1 kW m-2 simulated sun illumination, which are higher than those of evaporator with carbon black (1.13 kg m-2 h-1 and 68.1%). The distilled water obtained from the solar evaporator met the standards of drinkable water. Overall, the experimental result demonstrates a great promise application of treated carbon nanomaterial as a photo-thermal agent in the field of seawater desalination and solar-energy collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cong
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Min Gao
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangyu Xing
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Laboratory for Synthetic Resin Research, Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Morshed Mainul
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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13
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He H, Zhao T, Guan H, Zhong T, Zeng H, Xing L, Zhang Y, Xue X. A water-evaporation-induced self-charging hybrid power unit for application in the Internet of Things. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1409-1417. [PMID: 36659699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A self-charging hybrid power unit has been developed by integrating a water-evaporation-induced nanogenerator with a flexible nano-patterned supercapacitor. The nanogenerator can harvest environmental thermal energy and mechanical energy through the water evaporation process, and the supercapacitor can be charged simultaneously. The former offers stable electrical power as output, whereas the Ppy-based supercapacitor shows a capacitance of 12.497 mF/cm2 with 96.42% retention after 4,000 cycles. After filling the power unit with water as the fuel, it can be fully charged in about 20 min. The power unit can be flexibly integrated with electronic devices such as sensor nodes and wireless transmitters employing the Internet of Things. This new approach can offer new possibilities in continuous future operation of randomly distributed electronic devices incorporated in the Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan He
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongye Guan
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tianyan Zhong
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xinyu Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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14
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Wan Y, Wu C, Xue Q, Hui X. Effects of plastic contamination on water evaporation and desiccation cracking in soil. Sci Total Environ 2019; 654:576-582. [PMID: 30447596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination of plastics is becoming an issue of concern globally. Detection of plastics, particularly microplastics, has been increasingly reported in both marine environments and inland waters. Recent work has indicated that soil in terrestrial environments has also been contaminated by plastics. Research has also shown that plastics can have adverse effects on soil biota. However, the impact of plastics on soil physical properties is still unclear. In this work, effects of plastic film of different sizes at environmental relevant concentrations on water evaporation and desiccation cracking in two clay soils were studied. The results showed that the presence of plastics in soil significantly increased the rate of soil water evaporation by creating channels for water movement. The effect was more pronounced in soils treated with 2 mm plastics than in soils treated with 5 and 10 mm plastics, and increased with increasing plastic content. Desiccation cracking was observed on the surface of soil treated with 5 and 10 mm plastics likely due to the destruction of soil structural integrity. While 2 mm plastics increased the rate of desiccation shrinkage, the shrinkage ratio was reduced at the residual stage. Results from this work suggest that plastic contamination can alter the water cycle in soils, which may exacerbate soil water shortages and affect the vertical transport of pollutants. Further work is required to study the effects of plastics of other shapes, and laboratory observations should be tested at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinminnan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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15
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Zhao X, Li W, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang Z. Disparate dynamic viscoelastic responses of wheat flour doughs coated with different oils for preventing water evaporation during time sweeps and their mechanisms decoupled. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:462-472. [PMID: 30728590 PMCID: PMC6342819 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various non-volatile oils are currently applied in order to prevent water evaporation from exposed surface of dough during oscillatory measurements. A systemic understanding of their effectiveness in controlling water loss and ensuring accuracy of rheological measurements is necessary. In this work, three kinds of coating oils (vaseline, dimethyl silicone oil and low viscosity silicone oil) were selected to minimize water evaporation from dough of 37%, 42% and 47% water content subjected to time sweep tests under oscillatory mode. Evolution patterns of the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor with time were followed, and the mechanisms responsible for the response patterns were decoupled. Disparate dynamic viscoelastic responses were found for the same dough coated with different oils. Spontaneous de-structuring of dough combined with thixotropic effect contributed to the decrease of dynamic modulus and increase of the loss factor with time. Dynamic vapor sorption tests showed that water evaporation did occur for the dough even coated with non-volatile oils including vaseline. Water evaporation led to an accelerated increase in dynamic modulus with time, while had a very limited impact on loss factor. Oil invasion only played a minor role in the decrease in dynamic modulus. The measured modulus was actually a sum of the positive and negative contributions. Vaseline was observed as an effective coating oil for rheological measurements of dough, especially with high water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Kexuedadao, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Wangming Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Kexuedadao, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Kexuedadao, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xingli Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Kexuedadao, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Kexuedadao, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan Province China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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16
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Yuan J, Zhang D, Li Y, Li J, Luo W, Zhang H, Wang G, Li G. Effects of the aeration pattern, aeration rate, and turning frequency on municipal solid waste biodrying performance. J Environ Manage 2018; 218:416-424. [PMID: 29709810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactive influences of the aeration pattern, aeration rate, and turning frequency on municipal solid waste biodrying performance were investigated. Energy and water mass balances were used to identify the main water-removal routes and determine the amount of energy used and efficiency. Changing the aeration pattern and turning frequency did not significantly affect biodrying performance when the other conditions and total aeration volume were constant. The total aeration volume controlled the pile temperature and evaporation, making it the main factor affecting water loss during biodrying. A continuous aeration rate of 0.5 L kg-1 dry matter·min-1 gave the best biodrying performance (the highest water-removal rate, biodrying index, and sorting efficiency, 0.5 kg kg-1, 4.12, and 86.87%, respectively, and the highest lower heat value (LHV) and heat utilization rate, 9440 kJ kg-1 and 68.3%, respectively). There was an optimum aeration rate, water loss reaching a maximum at an aeration rate of 0.5 L kg-1 DM·min-1 and not increasing further as the aeration rate increased further. Lower aeration rates gave higher volatile solid degradation rates. The effects of turning could be achieved by increasing the aeration rate. The recommended biodrying parameters are continuous aeration at an aeration rate of 0.5 L kg-1 dry matter min-1 and one turn every 3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Difang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research/State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Material, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Govindarajan D, Deshpande AP, Raghunathan R. Enhanced mobility of non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) during drying of wet sand. J Contam Hydrol 2018; 209:1-13. [PMID: 29329939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced upward mobility of a non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) present in wet sand during natural drying, and in the absence of any external pressure gradients, is reported for the first time. This mobility was significantly higher than that expected from capillary rise. Experiments were performed in a glass column with a small layer of NAPL-saturated sand trapped between two layers of water-saturated sand. Drying of the wet sand was induced by flow of air across the top surface of the wet sand. The upward movement of the NAPL, in the direction of water transport, commenced when the drying effect reached the location of the NAPL and continued as long as there was significant water evaporation in the vicinity of NAPL, indicating a clear correlation between the NAPL rise and water evaporation. The magnitude and the rate of NAPL rise was measured at different water evaporation rates, different initial locations of the NAPL, different grain size of the sand and the type of NAPL (on the basis of different NAPL-glass contact angle, viscosity and density). A positive correlation was observed between average rate of NAPL rise and the water evaporation while a negative correlation was obtained between the average NAPL rise rate and the NAPL properties of contact angle, viscosity and density. There was no significant correlation of average NAPL rise rate with variation of sand grain size between 0.1 to 0.5mm. Based on these observations and on previous studies reported in the literature, two possible mechanisms are hypothesized -a) the effect of the spreading coefficient resulting in the wetting of NAPL on the water films created and b) a moving water film due to evaporation that "drags" the NAPL upwards. The NAPL rise reported in this paper has implications in fate and transport of chemicals in NAPL contaminated porous media such as soils and exposed dredged sediment material, which are subjected to varying water saturation levels due to drying and rewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivakar Govindarajan
- Department Of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - Abhijit P Deshpande
- Department Of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India
| | - Ravikrishna Raghunathan
- Department Of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600036, India.
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18
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Cai L, Chen TB, Gao D, Yu J. Bacterial communities and their association with the bio-drying of sewage sludge. Water Res 2016; 90:44-51. [PMID: 26724438 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-drying is a technology that aims to remove water from a material using the microbial heat originating from organic matter degradation. However, the evolution of bacterial communities that are associated with the drying process has not been researched systematically. This study was performed to investigate the variations of bacterial communities and the relationships among bacterial communities, water evaporation, water generation, and organic matter degradation during the bio-drying of sewage sludge. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to analyze the bacterial communities, while water evaporation and water generation were determined based on an in situ water vapor monitoring device. The values of water evaporation, water generation, and volatile solids degradation were 412.9 g kg(-1) sewage sludge bio-drying material (SSBM), 65.0 g kg(-1) SSBM, and 70.2 g kg(-1) SSBM, respectively. Rarefaction curves and diversity indices showed that bacterial diversity plummeted after the temperature of the bio-drying pile dramatically increased on d 2, which coincided with a remarkable increase of water evaporation on d 2. Bacterial diversity increased when the pile cooled. During the thermophilic phase, in which Acinetobacter and Bacillus were the dominant genera, the rates of water evaporation, water generation, and VS degradation peaked. These results implied that the elevated temperature reshaped the bacterial communities, which played a key role in water evaporation, and the high temperature also contributed to the effective elimination of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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19
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Cai L, Chen TB, Gao D, Zheng GD, Liu HT, Pan TH. Influence of forced air volume on water evaporation during sewage sludge bio-drying. Water Res 2013; 47:4767-73. [PMID: 23648285 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical aeration is critical to sewage sludge bio-drying, and the actual water loss caused by aeration can be better understood from investigations of the relationship between aeration and water evaporation from the sewage sludge bio-drying pile based on in situ measurements. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of forced air volume on the evaporation of water from a sewage sludge bio-drying pile. Dewatered sewage sludge was bio-dried using control technology for bio-drying, during which time the temperature, superficial air velocity and water evaporation were measured and calculated. The results indicated that the peak air velocity and water evaporation occurred in the thermophilic phase and second temperature-increasing phase, with the highest values of 0.063 ± 0.027 m s(-1) and 28.9 kg ton(-1) matrix d(-1), respectively, being observed on day 4. Air velocity above the pile during aeration was 43-100% higher than when there was no aeration, and there was a significantly positive correlation between air volume and water evaporation from day 1 to 15. The order of daily means of water evaporation was thermophilic phase > second temperature-increasing phase > temperature-increasing phase > cooling phase. Forced aeration controlled the pile temperature and improved evaporation, making it the key factor influencing water loss during the process of sewage sludge bio-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, PR China
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