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Kamal MA, Alhotan RA, Al Sulaiman AR, Hussein EO, Galik B, Saleh AA. From source to house: unraveling the seasonal effect of water distribution system on drinking water quality of poultry farms under Egyptian environmental condition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:12966-12977. [PMID: 38236566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Improvements in drinking water quality (DWQ) can lead, according to some estimates, to a 10% reduction of the world's disease load. The drinking water distribution system (DWDS) plays a crucial role in influencing DWQ and can contribute to the emergence of poultry-related epidemics. This study aims to monitor the variations in DWQ throughout the seasons within the DWDS of Egyptian poultry farms experiencing epidemics. The study assessed DWQ at four different points along the DWDS, including the water source (WS), water tank (WT), broiler drinker (BD), and layer drinker (LD), across 86 farms. Statistical analysis was employed to establish correlations between DWQ and the sampling points within the DWDS, as well as between water temperature (Tw.C°), ambient temperature (Ta.C°), and microbial DWQ. The survey revealed significant differences between Tw.C° and Ta.C°, with notable effect sizes (d = 0.89-1). Additionally, the results revealed significant differences in physicochemical DWQ between WS and house drinkers (HD), with medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.56-0.85). Furthermore, significant differences were identified in microbial DWQ between winter and summer, with a small to large effect size (d = 0.40-0.87). Notably, we recorded significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and WT, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.40-0.61), and between WT and BD, with a small to medium effect size (d = 0.48-0.53). Additionally, we found significant differences in microbial DWQ between WS and LD, with a medium effect size (d = 0.59-0.68). In conclusion, Tw.C° is influenced by seasonal variations in Ta.C°. While the physicochemical DWQ was unaffected by seasonal temperature variations, it was significantly impacted by the DWDS from WS to HD. In contrast, the microbial DWQ was strongly influenced by both seasonal temperature changes and DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdelhameed Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R Al Sulaiman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Osman Hussein
- AlKhumasia for Feed and Animal, Products Riyadh - Olaya - Al Aqareyah 2 - Office 705, PO 8344, 11982, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Branislav Galik
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 333516, Egypt.
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Codony F, Dangla C, Ventolà L, Sabaté N. Phase change materials for portable isothermal incubators as a solution to shorten effective analysis times in microbiological quality control of drinking water. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1105. [PMID: 37642879 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological quality control of water for human consumption of parameters relevant as E.coli and total coliforms does not start on the field despite the existence of test methods that could make it possible. One of the things that makes this difficult is the possibility of initiating an effective and reliable incubation at the sampling site. The appearance of isothermal media with phase change materials solves this limitation. When phase change materials combine a relatively high melting heat with a suitable melting temperature adapted to the application temperature, they become excellent materials for thermal protection and for thermal energy storage. Starting the test at the same sampling point means that the effective times to obtain a result are shorter, improving water quality control. On the other hand, operationally, it also allows longer sampling routes. Both aspects are essential for managers responsible for controlling water quality for human consumption. In this work, the evidence that demonstrates the feasibility of this approach is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Codony
- Laboratori d'Aigües de Mataró, carrer Hèl·lade, 17-19, 08304, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Dangla
- Laboratori d'Aigües de Mataró, carrer Hèl·lade, 17-19, 08304, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ventolà
- LVM Thermal Solutions, Carretera Vic n° 20 Nau 8, 17176 Sant Esteve d'en Bas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Sabaté
- Laboratori d'Aigües de Mataró, carrer Hèl·lade, 17-19, 08304, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Tiwari A, Ahmed W, Oikarinen S, Sherchan SP, Heikinheimo A, Jiang G, Simpson SL, Greaves J, Bivins A. Application of digital PCR for public health-related water quality monitoring. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155663. [PMID: 35523326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is emerging as a reliable platform for quantifying microorganisms in the field of water microbiology. This paper reviews the fundamental principles of dPCR and its application for health-related water microbiology. The relevant literature indicates increasing adoption of dPCR for measuring fecal indicator bacteria, microbial source tracking marker genes, and pathogens in various aquatic environments. The adoption of dPCR has accelerated recently due to increasing use for wastewater surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The collective experience in the scientific literature indicates that well-optimized dPCR assays can quantify genetic material from microorganisms without the need for a calibration curve and often with superior analytical performance (i.e., greater sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility) than quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nonetheless, dPCR should not be viewed as a panacea for the fundamental uncertainties and limitations associated with measuring microorganisms in water microbiology. With dPCR platforms, the sample analysis cost and processing time are typically greater than qPCR. However, if improved analytical performance (i.e., sensitivity and accuracy) is critical, dPCR can be an alternative option for quantifying microorganisms, including pathogens, in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA; BioEnvironmental Science Program, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Justin Greaves
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, 6364 N. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, LA, USA.
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4
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Cupozak-Pinheiro WJ, Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio A, Sasaki MH, Maran NH, Pires de Araújo R, Silva DBDS, Víctor de Andrade Dos Santos J, Barufatti A, Chang MR, Pires de Oliveira KM. Candida species contamination in drinking groundwater from residence wells in three municipalities of midwestern Brazil and the potential human health risks. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105660. [PMID: 35764189 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater represents one of the largest safe drinking water sources worldwide; however, it has been threatened by increased human activities in recent years. Candida species express virulence factors that contribute to the establishment and worsening of infections, although little is known about the virulence profiles of these species in potable groundwater. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of yeasts in groundwater from residential wells and to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile, hydrolytic enzyme production, adhesion capacity, and biofilm formation of Candida spp. Fifty yeasts representing nine genera were isolated: Candida (48%), Meyerozyma (20%), Pichia (8%), Exophiala (8%), Clavispora (4%), Kodamaea (4%), Rhodotorula (4%), Hanseniaspora (2%), and Kazachstania (2%). Candida parapsilosis was the most commonly isolated species, and approximately 29% of the Candida isolates were resistant to at least one azole. All Candida isolates were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and adhere to polystyrene, and most were classified as hydrophobic. Candida spp. can establish and form biofilms when cultivated in different media such as Sabouraud broth, water, and calcium hypochlorite. The use of contaminated groundwater for human consumption represents a possible route for the transmission of clinically relevant yeasts that can cause fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and establish effective measures for groundwater treatment to ensure the quality and safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melina Hatsue Sasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Nayara Halimy Maran
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexeia Barufatti
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Marilene Rodrigues Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
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de Lambert JR, Walsh JF, Scher DP, Firnstahl AD, Borchardt MA. Microbial pathogens and contaminants of emerging concern in groundwater at an urban subsurface stormwater infiltration site. Sci Total Environ 2021; 775:145738. [PMID: 33631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater may contain a variety of pollutants, including viruses and other pathogens, and contaminants of emerging concern (pharmaceuticals, artificial sweeteners, and personal care products). In vulnerable geologic settings, the potential exists for these contaminants to reach underlying aquifers and contaminate drinking water wells. Viruses and other pathogens, as well as other contaminants of emerging concern, were measured in stormwater and groundwater at an urban site containing a stormwater cistern and related subsurface infiltration gallery, three shallow lysimeter wells, and a monitoring well. Five of 12 microbial targets were detected more than once across the eight rounds of sampling and at multiple sampling points, with human-specific Bacteroides detected most frequently. The microbial and chemical contaminants present in urban stormwater were much lower in the water table monitoring well than the vadose zone lysimeters. There may be numerous causes for these reductions, but they are most likely related to transit across fine-grained sediments that separate the water table from the vadose zone at this location. Precipitation amount prior to sample collection was significantly associated with microbial load. A significant relation between microbial load and chloride-bromide ratio was also observed. The reduction in number and concentrations of contaminants found in the monitoring well indicates that although geologically sensitive aquifers receiving urban stormwater effluent in the subsurface may be prone to contamination, those with a protective cap of fine-grained sediments are less vulnerable. These results can inform stormwater infiltration guidance relative to drinking water wells, with an emphasis on restricting infiltration near water supply wells finished in geologically sensitive aquifers to reduce public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R de Lambert
- Minnesota Department of Health, 625 Robert St. N, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States.
| | - James F Walsh
- Minnesota Department of Health, 625 Robert St. N, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States
| | - Deanna P Scher
- Minnesota Department of Health, 625 Robert St. N, St. Paul, MN 55164, United States
| | - Aaron D Firnstahl
- U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2615 Yellowstone Drive, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States
| | - Mark A Borchardt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, 2615 Yellowstone Drive, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States
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6
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Abstract
Water from the waterlines of dental units is often contaminated with bacteria but there have been few studies accurately assessing the diversity of these bacterial populations. The aim of our study was to assess the bacterial diversity present in water collected from dental unit waterlines using the Illumina MiSeq. Water was collected from two separate dental units located in a dental hospital and two units found in two separate private clinics in Gangneung-si, Korea. From the four water samples that were analyzed, a total of 233 bacterial genera were identified. The most abundant genera were Sphingomonas (25%), Halomonas (20%), Reyranella (8%), and Novosphingobium (6%). Halomonas was more prevalent in the two dental units located at the dental hospital, while Reyranella and Sphingomonas were more commonly found in the private dental clinics. Only 19 of the 233 identified genera were common between water samples from all dental units. Opportunistic pathogens were shown to account for 7.7% of the total bacterial genera identified. Our results have demonstrated that there is a wide assortment of bacterial genera present in dental unit waterlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Yoon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Si Young Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
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7
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Moore JE, Millar BC. The day the agar stopped working: what emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) means for microbiology laboratory testing-potential effects on infectious disease reporting. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:973-975. [PMID: 32360776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast Northern Ireland, UK
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8
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Tan SM, Yung PYM, Hutchinson PE, Xie C, Teo GH, Ismail MH, Drautz-Moses DI, Little PFR, Williams RBH, Cohen Y. Primer-free FISH probes from metagenomics/metatranscriptomics data permit the study of uncharacterised taxa in complex microbial communities. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31263569 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the study of member species in complex microbial communities remain a high priority, particularly for rare and/or novel member species that might play an important ecological role. Specifically, methods that link genomic information of member species with its spatial structure are lacking. This study adopts an integrative workflow that permits the characterisation of previously unclassified bacterial taxa from microbiomes through: (1) imaging of the spatial structure; (2) taxonomic classification and (3) genome recovery. Our study attempts to bridge the gaps between metagenomics/metatranscriptomics and high-resolution biomass imaging methods by developing new fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) probes—termed as R-Probes—from shotgun reads that harbour hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The sample-centric design of R-Probes means that probes can directly hybridise to OTUs as detected in shotgun sequencing surveys. The primer-free probe design captures larger microbial diversity as compared to canonical probes. R-Probes were designed from deep-sequenced RNA-Seq datasets for both FISH imaging and FISH–Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FISH–FACS). FISH–FACS was used for target enrichment of previously unclassified bacterial taxa prior to downstream multiple displacement amplification (MDA), genomic sequencing and genome recovery. After validation of the workflow on an axenic isolate of Thauera species, the techniques were applied to investigate two previously uncharacterised taxa from a tropical full-scale activated sludge community. In some instances, probe design on the hypervariable region allowed differentiation to the species level. Collectively, the workflow can be readily applied to microbiomes for which shotgun nucleic acid survey data is available.
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Abstract
The race to discover and isolate giant viruses began 15 years ago. Metagenomics is counterbalancing coculture, with the detection of giant virus genomes becoming faster as sequencing technologies develop. Since the discovery of giant viruses, many efforts have been made to improve methods for coculturing amebas and giant viruses, which remains the key engine of isolation of these microorganisms. However, these techniques still lack the proper tools for high-speed detection. In this paper, we present advances in the isolation of giant viruses. A new strategy was developed using a high-throughput microscope for real-time monitoring of cocultures using optimized algorithms targeting infected amebas. After validating the strategy, we adapted a new tabletop scanning electron microscope for high-speed identification of giant viruses directly from culture. The speed and isolation rate of this strategy has raised the coculture to almost the same level as sequencing techniques in terms of detection speed and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Francis
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, 13385 France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, 13385 France
| | - Yusuke Ominami
- Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Nanotechnology Solutions Business Group, 24-14 Nishi-shimbashi 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8717 Japan
| | | | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, 13385 France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, 13385 France
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10
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Sato Y, Hori T, Koike H, Navarro RR, Ogata A, Habe H. Transcriptome analysis of activated sludge microbiomes reveals an unexpected role of minority nitrifiers in carbon metabolism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:179. [PMID: 31098412 PMCID: PMC6513846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metagenomics researches have illuminated microbial diversity in numerous biospheres, understanding individual microbial functions is yet difficult due to the complexity of ecosystems. To address this issue, we applied a metagenome-independent, de novo assembly-based metatranscriptomics to a complex microbiome, activated sludge, which has been used for wastewater treatment for over a century. Even though two bioreactors were operated under the same conditions, their performances differed from each other with unknown causes. Metatranscriptome profiles in high- and low-performance reactors demonstrated that denitrifiers contributed to the anaerobic degradation of heavy oil; however, no marked difference in the gene expression was found. Instead, gene expression-based nitrification activities that fueled the denitrifiers by providing the respiratory substrate were notably high in the high-performance reactor only. Nitrifiers-small minorities with relative abundances of <0.25%-governed the heavy-oil degradation performances of the reactors, unveiling an unexpected linkage of carbon- and nitrogen-metabolisms of the complex microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hori
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Hideaki Koike
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Ronald R. Navarro
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Habe
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
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Monteiro RM, Marques DM, Domingues PCA, Oliveira VDC, Macedo AP, Razaboni AM, Watanabe E. Evaluation of a protocol for reducing the microbial contamination of dental unit water. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2018; 31:138-143. [PMID: 30829368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm on dental unit waterlines can spread microbial contamination in the water. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial contamination of water from supplies and dental units before and after the implementation of a protocol for microbial quality improvement and maintenance of dental unit water. The microbial load was evaluated in water from 27 taps and dental units (reservoirs, air-water syringes and highspeed outputs without handpieces) using the PetrifilmT system (total aerobic bacteria and fungi) and conventional culture media (enterobacteria and Legionella spp.). The bacterial load in water samples from taps and reservoirs was within the parameter established by Brazilian legislation (<500CFU/mL); but the bacterial load in samples from air-water syringes and high-speed outputs without handpieces was not. The implementation of the protocol for the maintenance of microbial quality in dental unit water reduced bacterial load in highspeed outputs without handpieces (p=0.004). Enterobacteria and Legionella spp. were not isolated from any of the water samples from taps and dental units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Monteiro
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeiráo Preto, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniella M Marques
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeiráo Preto, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro C A Domingues
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeiráo Preto, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane de C Oliveira
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeiráo Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Próteses, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeiráo Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Próteses, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M Razaboni
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeiráo Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Universidade de Sáo Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeiráo Preto, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Ribeiráo Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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D'Angeli IM, Serrazanetti DI, Montanari C, Vannini L, Gardini F, De Waele J. Geochemistry and microbial diversity of cave waters in the gypsum karst aquifers of Emilia Romagna region, Italy. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:538-552. [PMID: 28448941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven control points of waters (sinking streams, rivers in caves, and resurgences) hosted in gypsum karst areas in Emilia Romagna region (N-Italy) were sampled in the framework of a Project LIFE+08NAT/IT/000369 "Gypsum" in the period 2010-2014. The microbiology and chemistry of these waters have been analyzed to evaluate the impact of human activities or natural factors, in the gypsum karst systems. Waters have been analyzed for major chemistry (Ca, Mg, Na, K, SO4, HCO3, Cl, NO3) and some minor constituents (F, Br, NH4 and PO4), measuring pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature (T) in situ. The same samples have been analyzed with traditional microbiology techniques focused on total microbial count and on fecal microbiota, as index of human and/or animal contamination, and molecular biology techniques (sequencing of 16S rRNA segment and PCR-DGGE), focused on the characterization of microbial populations in the different sampling sites and determination of their variations and/or changes during the five years of the project. As expected, waters tend to be increasingly mineralized from sinking streams to resurgences, with only local and temporarily high contents in nitrates and ammonium, often related to the presence of bat colonies. PCR-DGGE revealed ecological changes, in terms of microbial populations present in the bulk water samples, in different sampling sites within the same cave. Although the impact of fecal microorganisms only rarely exceeded 2 log UFC/ml, the results evidenced fluctuations of these microorganisms mainly correlated to the season and to the biological activity of bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia M D'Angeli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana I Serrazanetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Cesena, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Jo De Waele
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Moremi N, Claus H, Vogel U, Mshana SE. Surveillance of surgical site infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strain characterization in Tanzanian hospitals does not provide proof for a role of hospital water plumbing systems in transmission. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:56. [PMID: 28593044 PMCID: PMC5461769 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of hospital water systems in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) surgical site infections (SSIs) in low-income countries is barely studied. This study characterized P. aeruginosa isolates from patients and water in order to establish possible epidemiological links. Methods Between December 2014 and September 2015, rectal and wound swabs, and water samples were collected in the frame of active surveillance for SSIs in the two Tanzanian hospitals. Typing of P. aeruginosa was done by multi-locus sequence typing. Results Of 930 enrolled patients, 536 were followed up, of whom 78 (14.6%, 95% CI; 11.6–17.5) developed SSIs. P. aeruginosa was found in eight (14%) of 57 investigated wounds. Of the 43 water sampling points, 29 were positive for P. aeruginosa. However, epidemiological links to wound infections were not confirmed. The P. aeruginosa carriage rate on admission was 0.9% (8/930). Of the 363 patients re-screened upon discharge, four (1.1%) possibly acquired P. aeruginosa during hospitalization. Wound infections of the three of the eight P. aeruginosa SSIs were caused by a strain of the same sequence type (ST) as the one from intestinal carriage. Isolates from patients were more resistant to antibiotics than water isolates. Conclusions The P. aeruginosa SSI rate was low. There was no evidence for transmission from tap water. Not all P. aeruginosa SSI were proven to be endogenous, pointing to other routes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambura Moremi
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Street 2 / Building E1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Heike Claus
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Street 2 / Building E1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Street 2 / Building E1, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Ditommaso S, Ricciardi E, Giacomuzzi M, Arauco Rivera SR, Ceccarelli A, Zotti CM. Overestimation of the Legionella spp. load in environmental samples by quantitative real-time PCR: pretreatment with propidium monoazide as a tool for the assessment of an association between Legionella concentration and sanitary risk. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 80:260-6. [PMID: 25284373 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offers rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in environmental water samples. In this study, qPCR and qPCR combined with propidium monoazide (PMA-qPCR) were both applied to hot-water system samples and compared to traditional culture techniques. In addition, we evaluated the ability of PMA-qPCR to monitor the efficacy of different disinfection strategies. Comparison between the quantification obtained by culture and by qPCR or PMA-qPCR on environmental water samples confirms that the concentration of Legionella estimated by GU/L is generally higher than that estimated in CFU/L. Our results on 57 hot-water-system samples collected from 3 different sites show that: i) qPCR results were on average 178-fold higher than the culture results (Δ log10=2.25), ii) PMA-qPCR results were on average 27-fold higher than the culture results (Δ log10=1.43), iii) propidium monoazide-induced signal reduction in qPCR were nearly 10-fold (Δ log10=0.95), and that iv) different degrees of correlations between the 3 methods might be explained by different matrix properties, but also by different disinfection methods affecting cultivability of Legionella. In our study, we calculated the logarithmic differences between the results obtained by PMA-qPCR and those obtained by culture, and we suggested an algorithm for the interpretation of PMA-qPCR results for the routine monitoring of healthcare water systems using a commercial qPCR system (iQ-check real-time PCR kit; Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Elisa Ricciardi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Ceccarelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Carla M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Italy
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McCormick ML, Banishki N, Powell S, Rumack A, Garrett JM. A low cost multi-level sampling device for synchronous aseptic collection of environmental water samples. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 105:51-3. [PMID: 25043843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple device for the aseptic collection of environmental water samples at high spatial resolution to depths of 50m. To demonstrate the utility of this technique we present geochemical and archaeal community data from samples collected throughout the water column of a stratified lake.
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Manafi M, Waldherr K, Kundi M. Evaluation of CP Chromo Select Agar for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens from water. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:92-5. [PMID: 23816139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The European Directive on drinking water quality has included mCP agar as the reference method for recovering Clostridium perfringens from drinking waters. In the present study, three media (mCP, TSCF and CP Chromo Select Agar) were evaluated for recovery of C. perfringens in different surface water samples. Out of 139 water samples, using a membrane filtration technique, 131 samples (94.2%) were found to be presumptively positive for C. perfringens in at least one of the culture media. Green colored colonies on CP Chromo Select Agar (CCP agar) were counted as presumptive C. perfringens isolates. Out of 483 green colonies on CCP agar, 96.3% (465 strains, indole negative) were identified as C. perfringens, and 15 strains (3.1%) were indole positive and were identified as Clostridium sordellii, Clostridium bifermentans or Clostridium tetani. Only 3 strains (0.6%) gave false positive results and were identified as Clostridium fallax, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium tertium. Variance analysis of the data obtained shows statistically no significant differences in the counts obtained between media employed in this work. The mCP method is very onerous for routine screening and bacterial colonies could not be used for further biochemical testing. The colonies on CCP and TSCF were easy to count and subculture for confirmation tests. TSCF detects sulfite-reducing clostridia, including species other than C. perfringens, and in some cases excessive blackening of the agar frustrated counting of the colonies. If the contamination was too high, TSCF did not consistently produce black colonies and as a consequence, the colonies were white and gave false negative results. On the other hand, the identification of typical and atypical colonies isolated from all media demonstrated that CCP agar was the most useful medium for C. perfringens recovery in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mammad Manafi
- The Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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