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Nipper MA, Jensen JP, Helms ML, Ford MM, Crabbe JC, Rossi DJ, Finn DA. Genotype Differences in Sensitivity to the Anticonvulsant Effect of the Synthetic Neurosteroid Ganaxolone during Chronic Ethanol Withdrawal. Neuroscience 2018; 397:127-137. [PMID: 30513375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity to anticonvulsant effects of the γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor-active neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) during ethanol withdrawal varies across genotypes, with high sensitivity in genotypes with mild withdrawal and low sensitivity in genotypes with high withdrawal. The present studies determined whether the resistance to ALLO during withdrawal in mouse genotypes with high handling-induced convulsions (HICs) during withdrawal could be overcome with use of ganaxolone (GAN), the metabolically stable derivative of ALLO. In separate studies, male and female Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP-1) and DBA/2J (D2) mice were exposed to air (controls) or 72-h ethanol vapor and then were scored for HICs during withdrawal (hourly for the first 12 h, then at hours 24 and 25). After the HIC scoring at hours 5 and 9, mice were injected with 10 mg/kg GAN or vehicle. Area under the HIC curve (AUC) for hours 5-12 was analyzed. In control WSP-1 mice, GAN significantly reduced AUC by 52% (males) and 63% (females), with effects that were absent or substantially reduced during withdrawal. In contrast, GAN significantly reduced AUC in both control and ethanol-withdrawing male and female D2 mice. AUC was decreased by 81% (males) and 70% (females) in controls and by 35% (males) and 21% (females) during withdrawal. The significant anticonvulsant effect of GAN during withdrawal in D2 but not WSP-1 mice suggests that different mechanisms may contribute to ALLO insensitivity during withdrawal in these two genotypes. Importantly, the results in D2 mice suggest that GAN may be a useful treatment for ethanol withdrawal-induced seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Nipper
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Jeremiah P Jensen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Melinda L Helms
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Matthew M Ford
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States
| | - John C Crabbe
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Portland Alcohol Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Deborah A Finn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Portland Alcohol Research Center, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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