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Entezari M, Deldar Abad Paskeh M, Orouei S, Kakavand A, Rezaei S, Sadat Hejazi E, Pashootan P, Nazdari N, Tavakolpournegari A, Hashemi M, Salimimoghadam S, Mirzaei S, Taheriazam A, Samarghandian S. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Lung Cancer: Association with Proliferation, Metastasis, and Therapy Resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023:CCDT-EPUB-130919. [PMID: 37069720 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230413094317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of cancer cells for abnormal growth and metastasis has made it difficult to find a cure for tumor. Both males and females suffer from lung tumors, and physicians still deem them incurable. The initiation and development of lung tumors can be forced by genomic mutations. Wnt is a critical pathway for regulating growth, differentiation and migration. However, its oncogenic function has been observed in lung cancer. Wnt is able to increase the proliferation of lung tumors. The metastasis potential of lung tumors can be accelerated by Wnt/EMT axis. Overexpression of Wnt/β-catenin prevents chemotherapy-mediated cell death in lung tumors. This pathway promotes cancer stem cell features in lung tumors which induce radioresistance. Anti-cancer agents, such as curcumin, are able to inhibit Wnt in lung tumor treatment. Wnt interaction with other factors in lung tumors is essential in controlling biological behavior, and non-coding RNA transcripts are the most well-known ones. It can be concluded from the current study that Wnt is an important regulator of lung tumorigenesis, and the translation of these findings into the clinic is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Pashootan
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Nazdari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis of cancer. Mutations and excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cancer cells and cancer stem cells lead to drug resistance and recurrence of cancer in patients treated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Upregulation of proangiogenic factors is persistently induced by hyperactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, mutations and hyperactivated Wnt/β-catenin signaling are associated with worse outcomes in several human cancers, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, and glioma. Therefore, mutations and hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling create challenges and limitations in cancer treatment. Recently, in silico drug design as well as high-throughput assays and experiments have demonstrated the promising anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutics, such as blocking the cancer cell cycle, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and endothelial cell angiogenesis, inducing cancer cell apoptosis, removing cancer stem cells, and enhancing immune responses. Compared to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, small-molecule inhibitors are considered the most promising therapeutic strategy for targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Herein, we review the current small-molecule inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, focusing on Wnt ligands, Wnt receptors, the β-catenin destruction complex, ubiquitin ligase and proteasomal destruction complex, β-catenin, β-catenin-associated transcriptional factors and co-activators, and proangiogenic factors. We describe the structure, mechanisms, and functions of these small molecules during cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. We also review several Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors reported to exhibit anti-angiogenic effects. Finally, we explain various challenges in the targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human cancer treatment and suggest potential therapeutic approaches to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Nazhen Dong
- Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, 100864, China
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