Wang HG, Zhang HZ. Emodin Alcohols: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Multitargeting Studies with DNA, RNA, and HSA.
Curr Med Chem 2023:CMC-EPUB-131764. [PMID:
37183459 DOI:
10.2174/0929867330666230512161856]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
A series of novel emodin alcohols were designed and prepared in an effort to overcome the increasing microorganism resistance.
METHODS
Novel emodin alcohols were prepared from commercial emodin and different nitrogen-containing heterocycles via different synthetic strategies, such as O-alkylation and N-alkylation. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized emodin compounds was evaluated in vitro by a two-fold serial dilution technique. The interaction of emodin compound 3d with biomolecule was researched using UV-vis spectroscopic method and fluorescence spectroscopy.
RESULTS
Emodin compound 3d containing 2-methyl-5-nitro imidazole ring showed relatively good antimicrobial activity. Notably, it exhibited equivalent activity against S. aureus in comparison to the reference drug norfloxacin (MIC = 4 g/mL). The combination of strong active compound 3d with reference drugs showed better antimicrobial activity with less dosage and a broader antimicrobial spectrum than their separate use. Further research displayed that emodin compound 3d could intercalate into S. aureus DNA to form the 3d-DNA complex, which might correlate with the inhibitory activity. The hydrogen bonds were found between S. aureus DNA gyrase and strong active compound 3d during the docking research, which were in accordance with the spectral experiment results. The interaction with yeast RNA of compound 3d could also form a complex via hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds were found to play a major role in the transportation of emodin compound 3d by human serum albumin (HSA), as confirmed by molecular simulation.
CONCLUSION
This work provides a promising starting point to optimize the structures of emodin derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents.
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