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Freitag-Pohl S, Jasilionis A, Håkansson M, Svensson LA, Kovačič R, Welin M, Watzlawick H, Wang L, Altenbuchner J, Płotka M, Kaczorowska AK, Kaczorowski T, Nordberg Karlsson E, Al-Karadaghi S, Walse B, Aevarsson A, Pohl E. Crystal structures of the Bacillus subtilis prophage lytic cassette proteins XepA and YomS. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:1028-1039. [PMID: 31692476 PMCID: PMC6834076 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319013330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Virus-X Consortium that aims to identify and characterize novel proteins and enzymes from bacteriophages and archaeal viruses, the genes of the putative lytic proteins XepA from Bacillus subtilis prophage PBSX and YomS from prophage SPβ were cloned and the proteins were subsequently produced and functionally characterized. In order to elucidate the role and the molecular mechanism of XepA and YomS, the crystal structures of these proteins were solved at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.3 Å, respectively. XepA consists of two antiparallel β-sandwich domains connected by a 30-amino-acid linker region. A pentamer of this protein adopts a unique dumbbell-shaped architecture consisting of two discs and a central tunnel. YomS (12.9 kDa per monomer), which is less than half the size of XepA (30.3 kDa), shows homology to the C-terminal part of XepA and exhibits a similar pentameric disc arrangement. Each β-sandwich entity resembles the fold of typical cytoplasmic membrane-binding C2 domains. Only XepA exhibits distinct cytotoxic activity in vivo, suggesting that the N-terminal pentameric domain is essential for this biological activity. The biological and structural data presented here suggest that XepA disrupts the proton motive force of the cytoplasmatic membrane, thus supporting cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrius Jasilionis
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics Biostructures, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Welin
- SARomics Biostructures, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hildegard Watzlawick
- Institut for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Institut for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Josef Altenbuchner
- Institut for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Magdalena Płotka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Kladki 24, 80-824 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Karina Kaczorowska
- Collection of Plasmids and Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Kladki 24, 80-824 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaczorowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Kladki 24, 80-824 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Björn Walse
- SARomics Biostructures, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, England
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, England
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