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Krinsky BH, Arthur RK, Xia S, Sosa D, Arsala D, White KP, Long M. Rapid Cis-Trans Coevolution Driven by a Novel Gene Retroposed from a Eukaryotic Conserved CCR4-NOT Component in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:57. [PMID: 35052398 PMCID: PMC8774992 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Young, or newly evolved, genes arise ubiquitously across the tree of life, and they can rapidly acquire novel functions that influence a diverse array of biological processes. Previous work identified a young regulatory duplicate gene in Drosophila, Zeus that unexpectedly diverged rapidly from its parent, Caf40, an extremely conserved component in the CCR4-NOT machinery in post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of eukaryotic cells, and took on roles in the male reproductive system. This neofunctionalization was accompanied by differential binding of the Zeus protein to loci throughout the Drosophila melanogaster genome. However, the way in which new DNA-binding proteins acquire and coevolve with their targets in the genome is not understood. Here, by comparing Zeus ChIP-Seq data from D. melanogaster and D. simulans to the ancestral Caf40 binding events from D. yakuba, a species that diverged before the duplication event, we found a dynamic pattern in which Zeus binding rapidly coevolved with a previously unknown DNA motif, which we term Caf40 and Zeus-Associated Motif (CAZAM), under the influence of positive selection. Interestingly, while both copies of Zeus acquired targets at male-biased and testis-specific genes, D. melanogaster and D. simulans proteins have specialized binding on different chromosomes, a pattern echoed in the evolution of the associated motif. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout of Zeus and RNA-Seq, we found that Zeus regulated the expression of 661 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our results suggest that the evolution of young regulatory genes can be coupled to substantial rewiring of the transcriptional networks into which they integrate, even over short evolutionary timescales. Our results thus uncover dynamic genome-wide evolutionary processes associated with new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Krinsky
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
| | - Robert K. Arthur
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shengqian Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
| | - Dylan Sosa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
| | - Deanna Arsala
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
| | - Kevin P. White
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Manyuan Long
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.K.A.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (D.A.); (K.P.W.)
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Xia S, Ventura IM, Blaha A, Sgromo A, Han S, Izaurralde E, Long M. Rapid Gene evolution in an ancient post-transcriptional and translational regulatory system compensates for meiotic X chromosomal inactivation. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6385248. [PMID: 34626117 PMCID: PMC8763131 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is conventionally assumed that conserved pathways evolve slowly with little participation of gene evolution. Nevertheless, it has been recently observed that young genes can take over fundamental functions in essential biological processes, for example, development and reproduction. It is unclear how newly duplicated genes are integrated into ancestral networks and reshape the conserved pathways of important functions. Here, we investigated origination and function of two autosomal genes that evolved recently in Drosophila: Poseidon and Zeus, which were created by RNA-based duplications from the X-linked CAF40, a subunit of the conserved CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex involved in posttranscriptional and translational regulation. Knockdown and knockout assays show that the two genes quickly evolved critically important functions in viability and male fertility. Moreover, our transcriptome analysis demonstrates that the three genes have a broad and distinct effect in the expression of hundreds of genes, with almost half of the differentially expressed genes being perturbed exclusively by one paralog, but not the others. Co-immunoprecipitation and tethering assays show that the CAF40 paralog Poseidon maintains the ability to interact with the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex and might act in posttranscriptional mRNA regulation. The rapid gene evolution in the ancient posttranscriptional and translational regulatory system may be driven by evolution of sex chromosomes to compensate for the meiotic X chromosomal inactivation (MXCI) in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Xia
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iuri M Ventura
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Andreas Blaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annamaria Sgromo
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuaibo Han
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elisa Izaurralde
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manyuan Long
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
"The new frontier of robotic surgery is well under way. Current research and development is rapidly progressing, allowing for the creation of many new robotic companies. Each company has its own identity and platform for what their vision for the future entails. The competition generated between these companies will shortly be forcing newer, cheaper, more accessible robotic systems worldwide."
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Nguan C, Girvan A, Luke PP. Robotic surgery versus laparoscopy; a comparison between two robotic systems and laparoscopy. J Robot Surg 2008; 1:263-8. [PMID: 25484975 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-007-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopy has found a role in standard urologic practice, and with training programs continuing to increase emphasis on its use, the division between skill sets of established non-laparoscopic urologic practitioners and urology trainees continues to widen. At the other end of the spectrum, as technology progresses apace, advanced laparoscopists continue to question the role of surgical robotics in urologic practice, citing a lack of significant advantage to this modality over conventional laparoscopy. We seek to compare two robotic systems (Zeus and DaVinci) versus conventional laparoscopy in surgical training modules in the drylab environment in the context of varying levels of surgical expertise. A total of 12 volunteers were recruited to the study: four staff, four postgraduate trainees, and four medical student interns. Each volunteer performed repeated time trials of standardized tasks consisting of suturing and knot tying using each of the three platforms: DaVinci, Zeus and conventional laparoscopy. Task times and numbers of errors were recorded for each task. Following each platform trial, a standardized subjective ten-point Likert score questionnaire was distributed to the volunteer regarding various operating parameters experienced including: visualization, fluidity, efficacy, precision, dexterity, tremor, tactile feedback, and coordination. Task translation from laparoscopy to Zeus robotics appeared to be difficult as both suture times and knot-tying times increased in pairwise comparisons across skill levels.
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Abstract
Surgical robotics is an evolving field with great advances having been made over the last decade. The origin of robotics was in the science-fiction literature and from there industrial applications, and more recently commercially available, surgical robotic devices have been realized. In this review, we examine the field of robotics from its roots in literature to its development for clinical surgical use. Surgical mills and telerobotic devices are discussed, as are potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Hockstein
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE USA ; Family Ear, Nose, and Throat Physicians, 1941 Limestone Road, Suite 210, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA
| | - C G Gourin
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA USA
| | - R A Faust
- Otolaryngology, Columbus Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - D J Terris
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA USA
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Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard,
especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical
challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and
the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical
telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small
workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery
on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective,
feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival
model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5–10 kg were used to develop the
surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3–6 weeks old and
weighing 4.0–9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic
approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder
and “Microwrist” microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic
robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small
as 2 cm3. Total incision length for all three ports was
≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions
or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results
support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a
human infant’s.
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Zhou HX, Guo YH, Yu XF, Bao SY, Liu JL, Zhang Y, Ren YG, Zheng Q. Clinical characteristics of remote Zeus robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A report of 40 cases. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2606-9. [PMID: 16688810 PMCID: PMC4087997 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i16.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To summarize the performing essentials and analyze the characteristics of remote Zeus robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
METHODS: Robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 40 patients between May 2004 and July 2005. The operating procedures and a variety of clinical parameters were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: Forty laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures were successfully completed with Zeus robotic system. And there were no post-operative complications. Total operating time, system setup time and performing time were 100.3 ± 18.5 min, 27.7 ± 8.8 min and 65.6 ± 18.3 min, respectively. The blood loss and post-operative hospital stay were 30.6 ± 10.2 mL and 2.8 ± 0.8 d, respectively. Camera clearing times and time used for operative field adjustment were 1.1 ± 1.0 min and 2.0 ± 0.8 min, respectively. The operative error was 7.5%.
CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy following the principles of laparoscopic operation has specific performing essentials. It preserves the benefits of minimally invasive surgery and offers enhanced ability of controlling operation field, precise and stable operative manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xin Zhou
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, China.
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