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Reinig S, Kuo C, Wu CC, Huang SY, Yu JS, Shih SR. Specific long-term changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG modifications and antibody functions in mRNA, adenovector, and protein subunit vaccines. medRxiv 2024:2023.06.16.23291455. [PMID: 38559243 PMCID: PMC10980124 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.23291455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Various vaccine platforms were developed and deployed against the COVID-19 disease. The Fc-mediated functions of IgG antibodies are essential in the adaptive immune response elicited by vaccines. However, the long-term changes of protein subunit vaccines and their combinations with mRNA vaccines are unknown. A total of 272 serum and plasma samples were collected from individuals who received first to third doses of the protein subunit Medigen, the mRNA (BNT), or the adenovector AstraZeneca vaccines. The IgG subclass level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Fc-N glycosylation was measured using LC-MS/MS. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement deposition (ADCD) of anti-spike (S) IgG antibodies were measured. IgG1 and 3 reached the highest anti-S IgG subclass level. IgG1, 2, and 4 subclass levels significantly increased in mRNA- and Medigen-vaccinated individuals. Fc-glycosylation was stable, except in female BNT vaccinees, who showed increased bisection and decreased galactosylation. Female BNT vaccinees had a higher anti-S IgG titer than that of males. ADCP declined in all groups. ADCD increased in Medigen-vaccinated individuals after the third dose. Each vaccine produced specific long-term changes in Fc structure and function. This finding is critical when selecting a vaccine platform or combination to achieve the desired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reinig
- Research center for Emerging viral infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin Kuo
- Research center for Emerging viral infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Molecular research center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- Research center for Emerging viral infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular research center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research center for Emerging viral infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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