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Hertle R, Nazet J, Semmelmann F, Schlee S, Funke F, Merkl R, Sterner R. Reprogramming the Specificity of a Protein Interface by Computational and Data-Driven Design. Structure 2020; 29:292-304.e3. [PMID: 33296666 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation of specific protein complexes in a cell is a non-trivial problem given the co-existence of thousands of different polypeptide chains. A particularly difficult case are two glutamine amidotransferase complexes (anthranilate synthase [AS] and aminodeoxychorismate synthase [ADCS]), which are composed of homologous pairs of synthase and glutaminase subunits. We have attempted to identify discriminating interface residues of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from AS, which are responsible for its specific interaction with the synthase subunit TrpEx and prevent binding to the closely related synthase subunit PabB from ADCS. For this purpose, TrpG-specific interface residues were grafted into the glutaminase subunit PabA from ADCS by two different approaches, namely a computational and a data-driven one. Both approaches resulted in PabA variants that bound TrpEx with higher affinity than PabB. Hence, we have accomplished a reprogramming of protein-protein interaction specificity that provides insights into the evolutionary adaptation of protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hertle
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Nazet
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Semmelmann
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schlee
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Funke
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Merkl
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Sterner
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Matz JM, Watanabe M, Falade M, Tohge T, Hoefgen R, Matuschewski K. Plasmodium Para-Aminobenzoate Synthesis and Salvage Resolve Avoidance of Folate Competition and Adaptation to Host Diet. Cell Rep 2020; 26:356-363.e4. [PMID: 30625318 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism is essential for DNA synthesis and a validated drug target in fast-growing cell populations, including tumors and malaria parasites. Genome data suggest that Plasmodium has retained its capacity to generate folates de novo. However, the metabolic plasticity of folate uptake and biosynthesis by the malaria parasite remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that Plasmodium uses an aminodeoxychorismate synthase and an aminodeoxychorismate lyase to promote the biogenesis of the central folate precursor para-aminobenzoate (pABA) in the cytoplasm. We show that the parasite depends on de novo folate synthesis only when dietary intake of pABA by the mammalian host is restricted and that only pABA, rather than fully formed folate, is taken up efficiently. This adaptation, which readily adjusts infection to highly variable pABA levels in the mammalian diet, is specific to blood stages and may have evolved to avoid folate competition between the parasite and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Michael Matz
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute of Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Plant Secondary Metabolism, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Plant Secondary Metabolism, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute of Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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