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Santos J, Calbo J, Sandoval-Torrientes R, García-Benito I, Kanda H, Zimmermann I, Aragó J, Nazeeruddin MK, Ortí E, Martín N. Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells Employing an Anthradithiophene Core. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:28214-28221. [PMID: 34105947 PMCID: PMC9205564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A decade after the report of the first efficient perovskite-based solar cell, development of novel hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is still one of the main topics in this research field. Two of the main advance vectors of this topic lie in obtaining materials with enhanced hole-extracting capability and in easing their synthetic cost. The use of anthra[1,9-bc:5,10-b'c']dithiophene (ADT) as a flat π-conjugated frame for bearing arylamine electroactive moieties allows obtaining two novel highly efficient HTMs from very cheap precursors. The solar cells fabricated making use of the mixed composition (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite and the novel ADT-based HTMs show power conversion efficiencies up to 17.6% under 1 sun illumination compared to the 18.1% observed when using the benchmark compound 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Detailed density functional theory calculations allow rationalization of the observed opto-electrochemical properties and predict a flat molecular structure with a low reorganization energy that supports the high conductivity measured for the best-performing HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Santos
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Inés García-Benito
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, EPFL VALAIS, Sion 1951, Switzerland
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, EPFL VALAIS, Sion 1951, Switzerland
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Hoffman BC, McAfee T, Conrad BR, Loth MA, Anthony JE, Ade HW, Dougherty DB. Intrinsic Charge Trapping Observed as Surface Potential Variations in diF-TES-ADT Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:21490-21496. [PMID: 27466823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variations in surface potential are measured with Kelvin probe force microscopy for thin films of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophenes (diF-TES-ADT) grown on SiO2 and silane-treated SiO2 substrates by organic molecular beam deposition. The variations are observed both between and within grains of the polycrystalline organic film and are quantitatively different than electrostatic variations on the substrate surfaces. The skewness of surface potential distributions is larger on SiO2 than on HMDS-treated substrates. This observation is attributed to the impact of substrate functionalization on minimizing intrinsic crystallographic defects in the organic film that can trap charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Hoffman
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Terry McAfee
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brad R Conrad
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University , Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Marsha A Loth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Harald W Ade
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daniel B Dougherty
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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