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Meer EA, Oh DH, Brodie FL. Time and Distance Cost of Longer Acting Anti-VEGF Therapies for Macular Degeneration: Contributions to Drug Cost Comparisons. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:4273-4279. [PMID: 36578665 PMCID: PMC9792116 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s384995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the holistic cost of longer acting anti-VEGF therapy for macular degeneration when considering the associated costs of travel to the retina clinic. Design Theoretical evaluation of cost using publicly available pricing data and reimbursements at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Patients and Methods Setting: VA Medical Center. Study population: Patients with age related macular degeneration. Main outcome measures: Three-year cost of therapy when considering medication as well as travel costs and time spent in transit. Results Based on cost data derived purely from wholesale acquisition cost and projected injection frequency over the first three years of treatment, faricimab is less expensive than ranibizumab and aflibercept by $37,709 and $6359, respectively. Aflibercept is less expensive ranibizumab by $31,350 over the first 3 years of treatment. When considering even small distances traveled by patients, these cost differences grow, amplified at even larger distances: at 25 miles, ranibizumab becomes $38,814 and $32,133 more expensive than faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Aflibercept becomes $6681 more expensive than faricimab. At 100 miles, ranibizumab becomes $41,502 and $34,038 more expensive than faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Aflibercept becomes $7464 more expensive than faricimab. Conclusion Longer acting anti-VEGF therapies may differ not only in their wholesale acquisition cost, but also in the frequency of per label injections and associated clinic visits. Taking into account distance and time cost of travel may contribute to a more holistic view of cost differences among these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana A Meer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dennis H Oh
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frank L Brodie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA,Correspondence: Frank L Brodie, University of California, San Francisco, Wayne and Gladys Valley Center for Vision, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, Email
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Jeeva IK, Masud S, Siddiqui MR, Fahad HM. Safety of simultaneous bilateral intravitreal versus unilateral anti-vasculo-endothelial growth factors injection in an operating room setting. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:2324-2330. [PMID: 36415252 PMCID: PMC9676582 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.8.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chorioretinal diseases requiring the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth (anti-VEGF) injections often occur in both eyes simultaneously. This can necessitate injecting both eyes together rather than one eye at a time. The purpose of the study was to determine whether simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents are safe when administered in an operation theatre setting. METHODS Retrospective review of data was conducted. Single center study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Approximately 30,000 eyes that received anti-VEGF injection during a 10-year study period were included (March 2008-February 2018). Patients who were lost to follow up prior to completion of treatment were excluded. Consecutive sampling technique was employed. The patients who received bilateral anti-VEGF injections were analysed separately from the ones who received unilateral injections. All injections were administered in operating theatre setting. The rate of endophthalmitis was measured in each group. RESULTS A total of 30,258 injections were administered of which 15,338 were bilateral injections. Four cases (4/30,258, 0.013%) of endophthalmitis occurred during the study period. Only one case (1/15,338, 0.0065%) of endophthalmitis occurred after the administration of simultaneous bilateral anti-VEGF injections. CONCLUSIONS Administration of simultaneous bilateral anti-VEGF injections was safe in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Kabiruddin Jeeva
- Dr. Irfan Kabiruddin Jeeva, FRCOphth (UK), FEBO (EU), CCT (UK), Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan,Correspondence: Irfan Kabiruddin Jeeva Section of Ophthalmology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. E-mail:
| | - Sidra Masud
- Dr. Sidra Masud, MBBS, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M.A. Rehman Siddiqui
- Dr. M. A. Rehman Siddiqui, FRCOphth (UK), CCT (UK) Consultant Ophthalmologist, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hadees Murad Fahad
- Dr. Hadees Murad Fahad MBBS. Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust (LRBT) Teaching Eye Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Pradeep T, Melachuri S, Arun S, Ravipati A, Wang S, Zhang M, Errera MH, Fu R. Trends in Anti-VEGF Injection Medicare Part B Claims among Male and Female Ophthalmologists from 2012-2016. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:628-632. [PMID: 33678125 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1890797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Compared to male ophthalmologists, female ophthalmologists have significantly reduced salaries, fewer faculty roles and authored publications, garnered less federal research funding, and achieved less editorial advancement. We aimed to use the most recently available Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data to characterize trends and differences in anti-VEGF reimbursements coded for by male and female ophthalmologists.Methods: We used Medicare Fee-For Service Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Part B Provider public use files for 2012-2016 to quantify service and reimbursement patterns for anti-VEGF injections between male and female ophthalmologists. Five outcome variables were studied: number of providers, average Medicare payment amount, total payment, number of services, and number of Medicare beneficiaries.Results: Number of services performed per female provider was 71.2% that of a male ophthalmologist in 2012, and this percentage did not change from 2012 to 2016 (95%CI [0.63, 0.804], [0.984, 1.04], respectively). Female providers had 76.1% of beneficiaries as males in 2012, and this percentage stayed constant throughout the years (95%CI [0.69, 0.84] and [0.99, 1.03], respectively). The total payment difference between female and males was $102,175 per provider in 2012, and this gap widened by $18,292 yearly (95% CI [-162599.17, -41760.47], [-33060.35, -3524.38], respectively).Conclusion: While male and female providers saw considerable increases in aflibercept services and payments in the 5-year period, the gap between male and female reimbursements widened significantly. Moving forward, analysis of large-scale Medicare datasets provides a tangible report card on how effective our attitudes and policies are in cultivating equal opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejus Pradeep
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samyuktha Melachuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Siddharth Arun
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Advaitaa Ravipati
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Serena Wang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Zhang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie Helene Errera
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roxana Fu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chatziralli I, Papadakou P, Dimitriou E, Kazantzis D, Kapsis P, Theodossiadis G, Papathanassiou M, Theodossiadis P. The effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on corneal endothelium in patients with diabetic macular oedema. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:66-69. [PMID: 33599552 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1887886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics of corneal parameters in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. METHODS Participants in this study were 36 patients with DME, treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab (n = 16) or aflibercept (n = 20). All participants underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, optical coherence tomography and non-contact specular microscopy to evaluate corneal endothelium parameters (endothelial cell density-ECD, hexagonality, coefficient of variation of the cell size and central corneal thickness-CCT), at baseline and at months 6 and 12 after the first intravitreal injection. Comparisons between baseline and months 6 and 12 were performed. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference regarding ECD, hexagonality, coefficient of variation of the cell size and CCT at month 6 and 12 post initial injection compared to baseline in patients with DME. BCVA improved significantly at month 6 and 12 compared to baseline (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Central retinal thickness was significantly reduced at month 6 and 12 compared to baseline (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSION Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in patients with DME were found not to affect corneal parameters, namely ECD, hexagonality, coefficient of variation of the cell size and CCT at the long-term follow-up of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papadakou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazantzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Kapsis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cennamo G, Montorio D, Comune C, Laezza MP, Fallico M, Lionetti ME, Reibaldi M. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings After Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Patients With Coats Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:615015. [PMID: 33585512 PMCID: PMC7873908 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.615015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the vascular features in eyes with Coats disease, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), at baseline and after 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Fifteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients affected by Coats' disease were recruited in this study. All patients underwent the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) evaluation, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), multicolor imaging, structural Spectral Domain (SD)-OCT and OCTA at baseline and 1 month after the third monthly ranibizumab injection (loading phase). Fifteen patients completed the study, of whom nine were males and six females. Mean age was 20.4 ± 2 years. BCVA was 0.46 ± 0.11 logMar and 0.47 ± 0.12 logMar at baseline and after treatment, respectively (p = 0.164). SD-OCT revealed no significant decrease in central macular thickness (486.33 μm ± 93.37 at baseline vs. 483.4 μm ± 80.97 after treatment; p = 0.915). The subretinal exudates persisted in macular region after intravitreal injections. OCTA showed a general vascular rarefaction in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillary (CC) that did not change after loading phase. This study showed no functional and vascular improvement following 3 monthly ranibizumab injections. OCTA, non-invasive technique, could be useful during follow up of these patients and provide a better understand of pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Cennamo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Comune
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Laezza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Zhu X, Du Y, Truscott RJW, He W, Zhou P, Lu Y. Profiling and Bioinformatic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Cytokines in Aqueous Humor of High Myopic Eyes - Clues for Anti-VEGF Injections. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:97-103. [PMID: 31405302 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1648833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the aqueous humor growth factor profile in high myopic eyes and analyze the interaction of differentially expressed cytokines.Methods: A case-control study including aqueous humor samples from 36 high myopic patients and 32 controls was conducted. Quantibody® Human Growth Factor Array was used to screen the presence of 40 growth factors in aqueous humor. Expressions of differential growth factors were validated by Bio-Plex ProTM multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed.Results: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA were found to be significantly higher and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected to be lower in high myopic eyes (all P = .03). Multi-plex bead-based assay further validated the differential expressions of four growth factors and all of them were significantly correlated with axial length (P < .001). Twenty-six proteins were mapped into PPI network and positive regulation of cell migration, cellular component movement, and cell motility were the most enriched biological processes based on GO analysis.Conclusions: Differential expressed cytokines that indicates a distinctive intraocular microenvironment in high myopic eyes might provide clues for pathological changes within high myopic eyes after anti-VEGF injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai
| | - Roger J W Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai
| | - Peng Zhou
- HongQiao Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai
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Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe a combination treatment for choroidal neovascular (CNV) membrane, secondary to punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). Patient and methods A 44-year-old female patient was diagnosed with PIC complicated by the development of recurrent juxtafoveal neovascular membrane. The treatment included a sequence of monotherapy regimens: systemic steroid therapy, photodynamic therapy, and intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (anti-VEGF). Owing to the CNV membrane resistance to various types of monotherapy, a combination treatment consisting of local injections of steroid underneath the Tenon’s capsule and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections was used. Results Systemic steroid therapy resulted in rapid local improvement with a very short remission period. No positive effects of photodynamic therapy were observed. Sequential anti-VEGF injections led to remission periods of several months. Permanent regression of CNV membrane was achieved following combined local application of steroid and intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Conclusion A combination treatment including steroid and anti-VEGF medication characterized by anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects may be a very beneficial option for the treatment of recurrent CNV membrane as a complication of PIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Terelak-Borys
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof W Orlowski Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zagajewska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof W Orlowski Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irmina Jankowska-Lech
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof W Orlowski Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tesla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof W Orlowski Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabska-Liberek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof W Orlowski Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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