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Guardado-Valdivia L, Chacón-López A, Murillo J, Poveda J, Hernández-Flores JL, Xoca-Orozco L, Aguilera S. The Pbo Cluster from Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola NPS3121 Is Thermoregulated and Required for Phaseolotoxin Biosynthesis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090628. [PMID: 34564632 PMCID: PMC8473136 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 synthesizes phaseolotoxin in a thermoregulated way, with optimum production at 18 °C. Gene PSPPH_4550 was previously shown to be thermoregulated and required for phaseolotoxin biosynthesis. Here, we established that PSPPH_4550 is part of a cluster of 16 genes, the Pbo cluster, included in a genomic island with a limited distribution in P. syringae and unrelated to the possession of the phaseolotoxin biosynthesis cluster. We identified typical non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, and polyketide synthetase domains in several of the pbo deduced products. RT-PCR and the analysis of polar mutants showed that the Pbo cluster is organized in four transcriptional units, including one monocistronic and three polycistronic. Operons pboA and pboO are both essential for phaseolotoxin biosynthesis, while pboK and pboJ only influence the amount of toxin produced. The three polycistronic units were transcribed at high levels at 18 °C but not at 28 °C, whereas gene pboJ was constitutively expressed. Together, our data suggest that the Pbo cluster synthesizes secondary metabolite(s), which could participate in the regulation of phaseolotoxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Guardado-Valdivia
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, 63175 Nayarit, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Alejandra Chacón-López
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, 63175 Nayarit, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnología, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain; (J.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Edificio de Agrobiotecnología, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain; (J.M.); (J.P.)
| | - José Luis Hernández-Flores
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Luis Xoca-Orozco
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Purísima del Rincón, Purísima del Rincón, 36413 Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Selene Aguilera
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, 63175 Nayarit, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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Carrión VJ, van der Voort M, Arrebola E, Gutiérrez-Barranquero JA, de Vicente A, Raaijmakers JM, Cazorla FM. Mangotoxin production of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is regulated by MgoA. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:46. [PMID: 24555804 PMCID: PMC3945005 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antimetabolite mangotoxin is a key factor in virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains which cause apical necrosis of mango trees. Previous studies showed that mangotoxin biosynthesis is governed by the mbo operon. Random mutagenesis led to the identification of two other gene clusters that affect mangotoxin biosynthesis. These are the gacS/gacA genes and mgo operon which harbors the four genes mgoBCAD. RESULTS The current study shows that disruption of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene mgoA resulted in loss of mangotoxin production and reduced virulence on tomato leaves. Transcriptional analyses by qPCR and promoter reporter fusions revealed that mbo expression is regulated by both gacS/gacA and mgo genes. Also, expression of the mgo operon was shown to be regulated by gacS/gacA. Heterologous expression under the native promoter of the mbo operon resulted in mangotoxin production in non-producing P. syringae strains, but not in other Pseudomonas species. Also introduction of the mbo and mgo operons in nonproducing P. protegens Pf-5 did not confer mangotoxin production but did enhance transcription of the mbo promoter. CONCLUSIONS From the data obtained in this study, we conclude that both mbo and mgo operons are under the control of the gacS/gacA two-component system and that the MgoA product acts as a positive regulator of mangotoxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J Carrión
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB The Netherlands
| | - Eva Arrebola
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Gutiérrez-Barranquero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Cazorla
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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