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Parikh S, Parikh R, Harari M, Weller A, Bikovski L, Levy C. Skin epidermal keratinocyte p53 induces food uptake upon UV exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1281274. [PMID: 38152309 PMCID: PMC10751925 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first cells affected by UVB exposure are epidermal keratinocytes, and p53, the genome guardian, is activated in these cells when skin is exposed to UVB. UVB exposure induces appetite, but it remains unclear whether p53 in epidermal keratinocytes plays a role in this appetite stimulation. Results Here we found that food intake was increased following chronic daily UVB exposure in a manner that depends on p53 expression in epidermal keratinocytes. p53 conditional knockout in epidermal keratinocytes reduced food intake in mice upon UVB exposure. Methods To investigate the effects of p53 activation following UVB exposure, mice behavior was assessed using the staircase, open-field, elevated-plus maze, and conditioned-place preference tests. In addition to effects on appetite, loss of p53 resulted in anxiety-related behaviors with no effect on activity level. Discussion Since skin p53 induces production of β-endorphin, our data suggest that UVB-mediated activation of p53 results in an increase in β-endorphin levels which in turn influences appetite. Our study positions UVB as a central environmental factor in systemic behavior and has implications for the treatment of eating and anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marco Harari
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada DMZ Medical Center, Ein Bokek, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Bikovski
- The Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Imam A, Sulaiman NA, Oyewole AL, Chengetanai S, Williams V, Ajibola MI, Folarin RO, Muhammad AS, Shittu STT, Ajao MS. Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats. Toxics 2018; 6:toxics6040071. [PMID: 30513797 PMCID: PMC6316642 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The execution of agricultural activities on an industrial scale has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates, in the biome. This has led to intoxication characterized by deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to a combination of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP), on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150–170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg), CPF (14.9 mg/kg), and DDVP + CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposure, anxiety-like behavior and amygdala-dependent fear learning were assessed using open field and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following three training trials on days 11, 12, and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, with the hippocampus and amygdala removed. Five of these samples were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three were processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative markers (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p ≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damage are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Imam
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.
- Comparative Neurobiology Unit, School of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.
| | - Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.
| | - Samson Chengetanai
- Comparative Neurobiology Unit, School of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo 0000, Zimbabwe.
| | - Victoria Williams
- Comparative Neurobiology Unit, School of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Musa Iyiola Ajibola
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | | | - Asma'u Shehu Muhammad
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Dutse, PMB 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
| | - Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu
- Endocrinology and metabolism Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria.
| | - Moyosore Salihu Ajao
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.
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Loche A, Simonetti F, Lobina C, Carai MAM, Colombo G, Castelli MP, Barone D, Cacciaglia R. Anti-Alcohol and Anxiolytic Properties of a New Chemical Entity, GET73. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:8. [PMID: 22347868 PMCID: PMC3278888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-[(4-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]4-methoxybutyramide (GET73) is a newly synthesized compound structurally related to the clinically used, alcohol-substituting agent, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The present study was designed to assess whether GET73 may share with GHB the capacity to reduce alcohol intake in rats. Additionally, the effect of treatment with GET73 on anxiety-related behaviors and cognitive tasks in rats was investigated. A series of in vitro binding assays investigated the capacity of GET73 to bind to the GHB binding site and multiple other receptors. GET73 (10(-9)-10(-3) M) failed to inhibit [(3)H]GHB binding at both high- and low-affinity GHB recognition sites in rat cortical membranes. GET73 displayed minimal, if any, binding at dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate receptors in membranes from different rat brain areas. Acute treatment with low-to-moderate, non-sedative doses of GET73 (5-50 mg/kg, i.g. or i.p.) (a) reduced alcohol intake and suppressed "alcohol deprivation effect" (a model of alcohol relapse) in selectively bred, Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats, (b) exerted anxiolytic effects in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and sP rats exposed to the Elevated Plus Maze test, and (c) tended to induce promnestic effects in SD rats exposed to a modified water version of the Hebb-Williams maze test. Although the mechanism of GET73 action is currently unknown, the results of the present study suggest that GET73 has a multifaceted pharmacological profile, including the capacity to reduce alcohol drinking and anxiety-related behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Lobina
- Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro A. M. Carai
- Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Colombo
- Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy
| | - M. Paola Castelli
- “Bernard B. Brodie” Department of Neuroscience, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Domenico Barone
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche “A. Marxer” RBM spaColleretto Giacosa, Italy
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