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Molnár B, Kinyua NI, Mótyán G, Leits P, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Balogh GT, Frank É. Regioselective synthesis, physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of 2-aminomethylated estrone derivatives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 219:106064. [PMID: 35091086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique estrogen receptor (ER)-independent antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is well known, however, its use has been limited because of its poor oral bioavailability. In this study, novel 2-aminomethylated estrone (E) and estradiol (E2) derivatives structurally related to 2ME2 were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties as well as their in vitro cytotoxic effects were investigated in the hope of finding more selective antiproliferative agents with improved pharmacokinetic profile. The target compounds were synthesized from 2-dimethylaminomethylated E obtained regioselectively by a three-component Mannich reaction. Quaternization with methyl iodide followed by reacting the ammonium salt with various dialkyl and alicyclic secondary amines afforded the desired products in good yields. The reactions proceeded via a 1,4-nucleophilic addition of the applied secondary amines to the ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates, generated in situ from the salt by base-promoted β-elimination. The compound library has been enlarged with structurally similar E2 analogues obtained by stereoselective reduction and with some 17β-benzylamino derivatives prepared by reductive amination. The potential values of the novel E and E2 derivatives were characterised by means of three different approaches. At the first step compounds were virtually screened using physicochemical parameters. Physicochemical characterization was completed by kinetic solubility and in vitro intestinal-specific permeability measurement. Antiproliferative effects were additionally determined on a panel of malignant and non-cancerous cell lines. The evaluation of the pharmacological profile of the novel E and E2 derivatives was completed with the calculation of lipophilic efficacy (LiPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Njangiru Isaac Kinyua
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Leits
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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