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Hai D, Guo B, Qiao M, Jiang H, Song L, Meng Z, Huang X. Evaluating the Potential Safety Risk of Plant-Based Meat Analogues by Analyzing Microbial Community Composition. Foods 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 38201145 PMCID: PMC10778452 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based meat analogues offer an environmentally and scientifically sustainable option as a substitute for animal-derived meat. They contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater consumption, and the potential risks associated with zoonotic diseases linked to livestock production. However, specific processing methods such as extrusion or cooking, using various raw materials, can influence the survival and growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in differences between plant-based meat analogues and animal meat. In this study, the microbial communities in five different types of plant-based meat analogues were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. The findings revealed a diverse range of bacteria, including Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, as well as fungi such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Phragmoplastophyta, Vertebrata, and Mucoromycota. Additionally, this study analyzed microbial diversity at the genus level and employed phenotype prediction to evaluate the relative abundance of various bacterium types, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative anaerobic bacteria, as well as potential pathogenic bacteria. The insights gained from this study provide valuable information regarding the microbial communities and phenotypes of different plant-based meat analogues, which could help identify effective storage strategies to extend the shelf-life of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Research, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Baodang Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Research, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Haisheng Jiang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Research, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Ziheng Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (B.G.); (M.Q.); (L.S.); (Z.M.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Research, Luohe 462000, China
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Lai X, Wang H, Yan J, Zhang Y, Yan L. Exploring the differences between sole silages of gramineous forages and mixed silages with forage legumes using 16S/ITS full-length sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1120027. [PMID: 36937291 PMCID: PMC10017965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Silage characteristics of grass materials directly affect their silage qualities. To expand the source of silage raw materials and develop mixed silages underlined by exploring the positive interactions between forage grasses and legumes, three gramineous grasses, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), king grass (Pennisetum sinese), and forage maize (Zea mays) were separately mixed ensiled with a combination of four forage legumes including Medicago sativa, Vicia villosa, Vicia sativa, and Trifolium repens. Methods The chemical composition and fermentation quality of the mixed silages were analyzed and compared with those of the sole silages of these three grasses, as well as the diversity of microbial communities, through the 16S/ITS full-length sequencing. Results The results showed that the inclusion of forage legumes could somewhat improve the fermentation quality, as indicated by significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein and lactic acid contents while lower neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber contents and pH values, compared with the sole silages. Among the three types of mixed silages, the mixed king grass had the highest dry matter and crude protein content as well as lowest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content. Meanwhile, the bacterial and fungal communities in the mixed silages were influenced by increased the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria, which inhibited the proliferation of undesirable bacteria, such as Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia proteamaculanss. Co-occurrence networks identified 32 nodes with 164 positive and 18 negative correlations in bacteria and 80 nodes with two negative and 76 positive correlations in fungi during fermentation. Conclusion Inclusion of forage legume to grasses can improve the fermentation quality and optimize the structure of microbial community, which appears to be a feasible strategy to enhance the forage resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Lai
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agriculture Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Chengdu Ke’an Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Agriculture Science, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
- Mianyang Youxian Innovation Technology and Industrial Technology Research Institute, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lang Yan,
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Che J, Wu Y, Yang H, Wang S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Long-term cultivation drives dynamic changes in the rhizosphere microbial community of blueberry. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:962759. [PMID: 36212276 PMCID: PMC9539842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial communities profoundly affect plant health, productivity, and responses to environmental stress. Thus, it is of great significance to comprehensively understand the response of root-associated microbes to planting years and the complex interactions between plants and rhizosphere microbes under long-term cultivation. Therefore, four rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) plantations established in 1988, 2004, 2013, and 2017 were selected to obtain the dynamic changes and assembly mechanisms of rhizosphere microbial communities with the increase in planting age. Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity were determined using a high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed that the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of blueberries differed significantly among planting ages. A total of 926 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the bacterial community and 219 OTUs in the fungal community were identified as the core rhizosphere microbiome of blueberry. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed 36 and 56 distinct bacterial and fungal biomarkers, respectively. Topological features of co-occurrence network analysis showed greater complexity and more intense interactions in bacterial communities than in fungal communities. Soil pH is the main driver for shaping bacterial community structure, while available potassium is the main driver for shaping fungal community structure. In addition, the VPA results showed that edaphic factors and blueberry planting age contributed more to fungal community variations than bacterial community. Notably, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were observed in cultivated blueberry varieties, with a marked increase in relative abundance with planting age, which may positively contribute to nutrient uptake and coping with environmental stress. Taken together, our study provides a basis for manipulating rhizosphere microbial communities to improve the sustainability of agricultural production during long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilu Che
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Tian H, Zhao L, Koski TM, Sun J. Microhabitat Governs the Microbiota of the Pinewood Nematode and Its Vector Beetle: Implication for the Prevalence of Pine Wilt Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0078322. [PMID: 35758726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00783-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of environmental acquisition of microbes and migration-related alteration of microbiota across habitats has rapidly increased. However, in complex life cycles, such as for many parasites, exactly how these microbes are transmitted across multiple environments, such as hosts and habitats, is unknown. Pinewood nematode, the causal agent of the globally devastating pine wilt disease, provides an ideal model to study the role of microbiota in multispecies interactions because its successful host invasion depends on the interactions among its vector insects, pine hosts, and associated microbes. Here, we studied the role of bacterial and fungal communities involved in the nematode’s life cycle across different micro- (pupal chamber, vector beetle, and dispersal nematodes) and macrohabitats (geographical locations). We identified the potential sources, selection processes, and keystone taxa involved in the host pine-nematode-vector beetle microbiota interactions. Nearly 50% of the microbiota in vector beetle tracheae and ~60% that of third-stage dispersal juveniles were derived from the host pine (pupal chambers), whereas 90% of bacteria of fourth-stage dispersal juveniles originated from vector beetle tracheae. Our results also suggest that vector beetles’ tracheae selectively acquire some key taxa from the microbial community of the pupal chambers. These taxa will be then enriched in the dispersal nematodes traveling in the tracheae and hence likely transported to new host trees. Taken together, our findings contribute to the critical information toward a better understanding of the role of microbiota in pine wilt disease, therefore aiding the knowledge for the development of future biological control agents. IMPORTANCE Our understanding of animal microbiota acquisition and dispersal-mediated variation has rapidly increased. In this study, using the model of host pine-pinewood nematode-vector beetle (Monochamus sp.) complex, we disentangled the routes of microbial community assembly and transmission mechanisms among these different participants responsible for highly destructive pine wilt disease. We provide evidence that the microhabitat is the driving force shaping the microbial community of these participants. The microbiota of third-stage dispersal juveniles (LIII) of the nematodes collected around pupal chambers and of vector beetles were mainly derived from the host pine (pupal chambers), whereas the vector-entering fourth-stage dispersal juveniles (LIV) of the nematodes had the simplest microbiota community, not influencing vector’s microbiota. These findings enhanced our understanding of the variation in the microbiota of plants and animals and shed light on microbiota acquisition in complex life cycles.
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Yu J, Hou Q, Li W, Huang W, Mo L, Yao C, An X, Sun Z, Wei H. Profiling of the viable bacterial and fungal microbiota in fermented feeds using single-molecule real-time sequencing. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa029. [PMID: 32017844 PMCID: PMC7036599 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented concentrated feed has been widely recognized as an ideal feed in the animal industry. In this study, we used a powerful method, coupling propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment with single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology to compare the bacterial and fungal composition of feeds before and after fermentation with four added lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants (one Lactobacillus casei strain and three L. plantarum strains). Five feed samples consisting of corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran were fermented with LAB additives for 3 d. Following anaerobic fermentation, the pH rapidly decreased, and the mean numbers of LAB increased from 106 to 109 colony-forming units (cfu)/g fresh matter. SMRT sequencing results showed that the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the feed were significantly higher before fermentation than after fermentation. Fifteen bacterial species and eight fungal genera were significantly altered following fermentation, and L. plantarum was the dominant species (relative abundance 88.94%) in the post-fermentation group. PMA treatment revealed that the bacteria Bacillus cereus, B. circulans, Alkaliphilus oremlandii, Cronobacter sakazakii, Paenibacillus barcinonensis, and P. amylolyticus (relative abundance >1%) were viable in the raw feed. After fermentation, their relative abundances decreased sharply to <0.2%; however, viable L. plantarum was still the dominant species post fermentation. We inferred that our LAB additives grew rapidly and inhibited harmful microorganisms and further improved feed quality. In addition, coupling PMA treatment with the Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencing technology was a powerful tool for providing accurate live microbiota profiling data in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lanxin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Caiqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Xiaona An
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li Y, Wu X, Chen T, Wang W, Liu G, Zhang W, Li S, Wang M, Zhao C, Zhou H, Zhang G. Plant Phenotypic Traits Eventually Shape Its Microbiota: A Common Garden Test. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2479. [PMID: 30459725 PMCID: PMC6232875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genotype drives the development of plant phenotypes and the assembly of plant microbiota. The potential influence of the plant phenotypic characters on its microbiota is not well characterized and the co-occurrence interrelations for specific microbial taxa and plant phenotypic characters are poorly understood. We established a common garden experiment, which quantifies prokaryotic and fungal communities in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of six spruce (Picea spp.) tree species, through Illumina amplicon sequencing. We tested for relationships between bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities and for the phenotypic characters of their plant hosts. Host phenotypic characters including leaf length, leaf water content, leaf water storage capacity, leaf dry mass per area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorous content, leaf potassium content, leaf δ13C values, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and transpiration rate were significantly correlated with the diversity and composition of the bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities. These correlations between plant microbiota and suites of host plant phenotypic characters suggest that plant genotype shape its microbiota by driving the development of plant phenotypes. This will advance our understanding of plant-microbe associations and the drivers of variation in plant and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, NIEER, CAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaizhe Zhou
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
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