Bilayer fixed-dose combination tablet for curcumin microparticles and piroxicam and in vitro evaluation

Aim: In the present work, fixed-dose combination of bilayer tablets for piroxicam as and curcumin as immediate-release and sustained-release layer (SRL) respectively for management of inflammatory response. Materials & methods: The SRL include Curcumin polycaprolactone microparticles from spray drying. The tablet layers include Pearlitol 200SD, Microcrystalline cellulose PH101, Aerosil 200, talc each layer. Results: SEM studies confirm spherical microparticles. PXRD and DSC studies confirm the amorphous microparticles. In vitro studies exhibit, an immediate release and sustained release for Piroxicam and Curcumin after 2 h. Cellular uptake studies on RAW 264.7 cells confirm the complete internalization of microparticles. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that microparticles can be formulated into a unit dosage form for the management of inflammation.

Insights into tablet sticking: a quantitative case study with an ibuprofen and methocarbamol-based formulation

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS

Tablet sticking is a continuous accumulation of pharmaceutical powder onto tooling surfaces during compression. Its occurrence greatly impacts tablet productivity, quality attributes, and tooling age. In a previous study, the authors proposed a multivariate data analysis approach to gain insights into tablet sticking directly on the industrial stage. The objective was to determine the combination of factors that could help distinguish between batches affected and unaffected by sticking. The present study aims to generalize this approach by extending it to quantitative predictions of punch sticking intensity. A total of 345 variables was gathered on 28 industrial batches of an ibuprofen and methocarbamol-based formulation.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

Using PLS regression models, it was shown that the association of granulation duration and compression force allows to significantly explain ∼60% of sticking variations of studied formulation. In addition, unlike the classification models developed in the earlier work, the validation residues in the present study were found to be normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilks p value = 0.96) and independent from the target variable (R² = 9.5%).

Bilayer Tablet Based Chronotherapeutics in the Management of Nocturnal Asthma: An Overview

BACKGROUND

Asthma is a common ailment with a larger circadian difference. Nocturnal Asthma (NA) is an inconstant exacerbation of asthmatic condition related to the rise in warning sign during the night time and there is a need for its treatment addressing air route alertness and decline in lung functions. These symptoms are linked to sleep or known as circadian events. Chronotherapeutics is a management system based on an in-vivo drug accessibility programmed to check the rhythms of ailment in a direction to improve the therapeutic outcomes by suppressing the side effects. This review aims to provide an overview of NA, chronotherapeutics for the treatment of NA, bilayer tablets, and advanced techniques involved in the fabrication of bilayer tablets. The review also discusses some of the related patents.

METHODS

Relevant literature about the latest developments and updated information related to NA, chronotherapeutics and bilayer tablets has been very widely searched on different biomedical literature programs such as Google, Web of Science, PubMed portals, etc. Bilayer tablet mediated chronotherapy has gained significant attention and consideration as it is developed and fabricated based on the body's circadian rhythm. Bilayer tablets can deliver the bioactive compounds at an appropriate time, place as well as amount and site.

RESULTS

Available literature advocated that the bilayer matrix tablet containing a single drug in the sustained release film and fast releasing film, may be beneficial for the chronic diseases like asthma, migraine, diabetes, hypertension and inflammation which usually require immediate as well as maintained therapeutic effect.

CONCLUSION

The application of nanotechnology in the arena of medicine will transform the diagnosis and treatment strategies of a wide range of diseases in the upcoming years. The findings of this review confirm the importance of bilayer tablet based chronotherapy in nocturnal asthma.

Physicochemical properties and drug-release mechanisms of dual-release bilayer tablet containing mirabegron and fesoterodine fumarate

Introduction: In this study, a dual release bi-layer tablet containing Fesoterodine fumarate (Fst) 5 mg and Mirabegron (Mrb) 50 mg was prepared to investigate the different release behavior of each drug in bilayer tablet. The bilayer tablet was prepared based on monolayer-tablet formulation of each drug.

Methods: The optimized bi-layer tablet showed an in vitro dissolution profile similar to commercial reference tablets Toviaz and Betmiga, based on a satisfactory similarity factor. Drug-release kinetics of each drug in the bilayer tablet were evaluated based on dissolution profiles. Drug-release behavior was evaluated by observing the surface of each layer by scanning electron microscopy and measuring the changes in weight and volume of the tablet during dissolution. Drug transfer between each layer was also investigated by Fourier -transform infrared spectroscopic imaging by observing the cross-section of the bilayer tablet cut vertically during dissolution.

Results: The release of Fst was well suited for the Higuchi model, and the release of Mrb was well suited for the Hixson-crowell model. Compared with dissolution rate of each monolayer tablet, that of Fst in the bilayer tablet was slightly reduced (5%), but the dissolution rate of Mrb in bilayer tablet was dramatically decreased (20%). Also, a drug-release study confirmed that polymer swelling was dominant in Fst layer compared with polymer erosion, and degradation was dominant in MRB layer. Fourier-transform infrared imaging and 3-D image reconstruction showed that drug transfer in the bilayer tablet correlates with the results of drug-release behavior.

Conclusion: These findings are expected to provide scientific insights in the development of a dual-release bilayer drug-delivery system for Fst and Mrb.

Bilayer Tablet Dissolution Kinetics Based on a Degassing Cyclic Flow UV-Vis Spectroscopy with Chemometrics

Dissolution kinetics of a bilayer direct compress tablet was evaluated by using degassing cyclic flow UV-visible (Vis) spectroscopy with chemometrics. The model bilayer nicotinamide (NA)-pyridoxine hydrochloride (PH) 100.0 mg tablets were prepared via the dual compress method. The fast diffusion layer of the bilayer tablet contained nicotinamide, microcrystal cellulose, beta-lactose, magnesium stearate, and croscarmellose sodium. The slow release layer contained pyridoxine hydrochloride and carnauba wax. The monolayer direct compress tablets were prepared as dual ingredient (API)s formulation tablets. The degassing cyclic flow UV-Vis spectroscopy dissolution test was carried out using the prepared tablets. The dissolution test conditions were as follows: time, 60 min; temperature, 37°C; paddle method, 50 rpm, and UV-Vis spectra measurement 1 time/min. The UV-Vis spectra of the flow solution were measured in the range of 240-380 nm. API concentration was predicted by partial least squares (PLS) regression models based on UV-Vis spectra. The dissolution kinetics of the bilayer and monolayer tablets were evaluated based on the UV-Vis spectra with the predicted API concentration profile. The degassing flow system could prevent air bubbles in the flow cell at 1800 min. Therefore, simultaneous determination of NA and PH concentration based on the PLS regression was suggested to have high accuracy. PLS regression has advantages over the conventional λ_max absorbance method of simultaneous determination. We found that the kinetics of the separated bilayer tablet can be evaluated by the same kinetic analysis method used for the single layer model tablet.

Formulation and evaluation of bilayer tablet for bimodal release of venlafaxine hydrochloride

The aim of the present research was to develop a bilayer tablet of venlafaxine hydrochloride for bimodal drug release. In the present investigation authors have tried to explore fenugreek mucilage (FNM) for bioadhesive sustained release layer. The attempt has been made to combine FNM with well studied bioadhesive polymers like hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Carbopol, and Xanthan Gum. The formulations were evaluated for swelling Index, ex vivo bioadhesion, water uptake studies, in vitro drug release and dissolution kinetics was studied. Substantial bioadhesion force (2.4 ± 0.023 g) and tablet adhesion retention time (24 ± 2 h) was observed with FNM and HPMC combination at 80:20 ratio. The dissolution kinetics followed the Higuchi model (R (2) = 0.9913) via a non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst. The 3(2) full factorial design was employed in the present study. The type of polymers used in combination with FNM (X1) and percent polymer replaced with FNM (X2) were taken as independent formulations variables. The selected responses, bioadhesion force (0.11-0.25 ± 0.023 g), amount of drug released in 10 h, Y10 (78.20-95.78 ± 1.24%) and bioadhesive strength, (19-24 ± 2 h) presented good correlation with the selected independent variables. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the optimized bilayer formulations showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 1 hr till 12 h from optimized formulations was observed. The natural mucilage like FNM could be successfully incorporated into tablet with only 20% replacement with HPMC and it showed good bioadhesiveness and sustained drug release.