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Fan W, Nan X, Peng Y, Li X, Xiang Y, Yan X, Xie Z, Zhou H, Tang X, Cheng J, Niu X, Liu J, Ji Q, Ji L, Huang G, Zhou Z. Distribution of autoantibodies to insulinoma-associated antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes: A nationwide, multicentre, cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3592. [PMID: 36401613 PMCID: PMC10078268 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibody (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) distribution in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes (LAD) and the autoantibodies' association with clinical characteristics and HLA-DR-DQ genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 17,536 patients with diabetes from 46 hospitals across China. A total of 189 patients with T1D and 58 patients with LAD with IA-2A positivity, 126 patients with T1D and 86 patients with LAD with ZnT8A positivity, and 231 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were selected to evaluate islet autoantibodies, clinical phenotypes, and HLA-DR-DQ gene frequency. RESULTS IA-2A was bimodally distributed in patients with T1D and LAD. Patients with low IA-2A titre LAD had lower fasting C-peptide (FCP) (p < 0.01), lower postprandial C-peptide (PCP) (p < 0.001), and higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p < 0.05) than patients with T2D. Patients with high IA-2A titre LAD were younger than patients with low IA-2A titre LAD (p < 0.05). Patients with low IA-2A titre T1D had lower FCP (p < 0.01), lower PCP (p < 0.01), and higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.05) than patients with high IA-2A titre LAD. HLA-DR-DQ genetic analysis demonstrated that the frequency of susceptible HLA haplotypes was higher in IA-2A-positive patients (p < 0.001) than in patients with T2D. Patients with high ZnT8A titre LAD had lower FCP (p = 0.045), lower PCP (p = 0.023), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of total susceptible haplotypes (p < 0.001) than patients with low ZnT8A titre LAD. CONCLUSIONS IA-2A in patients with T1D and LAD was bimodally distributed, and the presence of IA-2A could demonstrate partial LAD clinical characteristics. ZnT8A titre had a certain predictive value for islet functions in patients with LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Nan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiman Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Houde Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Wang Y, Shen J, Liu W, Fu X, Li C. Particle Size Inversion Constrained by L∞ Norm for Dynamic Light Scattering. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7111. [PMID: 36295177 PMCID: PMC9605256 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particle size inversion of dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a typically ill-posed problem. Regularization is an effective method to solve the problem. The regularization involves imposing constraints on the fitted autocorrelation function data by adding a norm. The classical regularization inversion for DLS data is constrained by the L2 norm. In the optimization equation, the norm determines the smoothness and stability of the inversion result, affecting the inversion accuracy. In this paper, the Lp norm regularization model is constructed. When p is 1, 2, 10, 50, 100, 1000, and ∞, respectively, the influence of their norm models on the inversion results of data with different noise levels is studied. The results prove that overall, the inversion distribution errors show a downward trend with the increase of p. When p is larger than 10, there is no significant difference in distribution error. Compared with L2, L∞ can provide better performance for unimodal particles with strong noise, although this does not occur in weak noise cases. Meanwhile, L∞ has lower sensitivity to noise and better peak resolution, and its inverse particle size distribution is closer to the true distribution for bimodal particles. Thus, L∞ is more suitable for the inversion of DLS data.
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Chang CH, Yang WT, Wu CP, Chang LW. Would foot arch development in children characterize a body maturation process? a prospective longitudinal study. Biomed J 2021; 45:828-837. [PMID: 34737119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flatfoot (Pes Planus), often regarded as a physiological deviation in children, is of concern to parents because there is no test to predict the development of foot arch. This study aimed to use a new diagnostic flatfoot criterion to determine 1) how the footprint index changes during the development of foot arches, 2) what factors can predict a foot arch development, and 3) whether foot arch development could be a process of body growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS 572 children were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study of anthropometrical parameters and physical fitness twice at age of 6.7 and 8.2 years. The bimodal frequency distribution of the Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI) of the footprint was used to define flatfoot as CSI <0.58 and non-flatfoot as CSI >0.61. Body measurements and physical fitness tests were compared between children with flatfeet who developed foot arches and children who did not. RESULTS Of 263 children with flatfeet, the CSI significantly changed from 0.72 to 0.46 in 70 children who developed foot arches over 1.5 years and the others had minimal change in the index. Children with foot arch development had a lower initial CSI, improved boys' performance in one-leg balance, and less increase in girls' body height than children who remained flatfooted, whereas sex and weight were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study with the bimodal distribution of the CSI investigated how the development of foot arch advances in children around age 7. A significant and unique pattern in change of the CSI suggests involvement of a maturational stage in foot arch development. Along with the improved performance in one-leg balance, the unidirectional transition from flatfoot to non-flatfoot is associated with improvement in motor control of the ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsieh Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Yang
- Taipei City University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wey Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Escarela G, Rodríguez CE, Núñez-Antonio G. Copula modeling of receiver operating characteristic and predictiveness curves. Stat Med 2020; 39:4252-4266. [PMID: 32929756 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and predictiveness curves are graphical tools to study the discriminative and predictive power of a continuous-valued marker in a binary outcome. In this paper, a copula-based construction of the joint density of the marker and the outcome is developed for plotting and analyzing both curves. The methodology only requires a copula function, the marginal distribution of the marker, and the prevalence rate for the model to be characterized. The adoption of the Gaussian copula and the customization of the margin for the marker are proposed for such characterization. The computation of both curves is numerically more feasible than methods that attempt to obtain one curve in terms of the other. Estimation is carried out using maximum likelihood and resampling-based methods. Randomized quantile residuals from each conditional distribution are employed for both assessing the adequacy of the model and identifying outliers. The performance of the estimators of both curves and their underlying quantities is evaluated in simulation studies that assume different dependence structures and sample sizes. The methods are illustrated with an analysis of the level of progesterone receptor gene expression for the diagnosis and prediction of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Escarela
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Erwin Rodríguez
- Department of Probability and Statistics, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Núñez-Antonio
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pawlus P, Reizer R, Wieczorowski M. Conditions of the Presence of Bimodal Amplitude Distribution of Two-Process Surfaces. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4037. [PMID: 32932956 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-process surfaces are functionally important. They contain plateau and valley parts. They are created by superimpositions of two one-process textures of Gaussian probability height distributions. It is expected that the resulting two-process surface would have bimodal height probability distribution. However, typically two-process textures have unimodal ordinate distribution. The present authors developed limiting conditions of presence of bimodal ordinate distribution. These conditions depend on the material ratio at the plateau-to-valley transition (the Smq parameter), and on the ratio of heights of the plateau and valley surface parts (Spq/Svq). Generated stratified textures and measured two-process surfaces of cylinder liners were taken into consideration.
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Gostkowski M, Gajowniczek K. Weighted Quantile Regression Forests for Bimodal Distribution Modeling: A Loss Given Default Case. Entropy (Basel) 2020; 22:e22050545. [PMID: 33286317 PMCID: PMC7517045 DOI: 10.3390/e22050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to various regulations (e.g., the Basel III Accord), banks need to keep a specified amount of capital to reduce the impact of their insolvency. This equity can be calculated using, e.g., the Internal Rating Approach, enabling institutions to develop their own statistical models. In this regard, one of the most important parameters is the loss given default, whose correct estimation may lead to a healthier and riskless allocation of the capital. Unfortunately, since the loss given default distribution is a bimodal application of the modeling methods (e.g., ordinary least squares or regression trees), aiming at predicting the mean value is not enough. Bimodality means that a distribution has two modes and has a large proportion of observations with large distances from the middle of the distribution; therefore, to overcome this fact, more advanced methods are required. To this end, to model the entire loss given default distribution, in this article we present the weighted quantile Regression Forest algorithm, which is an ensemble technique. We evaluate our methodology over a dataset collected by one of the biggest Polish banks. Through our research, we show that weighted quantile Regression Forests outperform “single” state-of-the-art models in terms of their accuracy and the stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gostkowski
- Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gajowniczek
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Transcription is a pivotal step in gene expression yet a complex biochemical process. It occurs often in a bursty manner, leading to cell-to-cell variability important for the cells surviving in complex environments. Quantitative experiments of such stochastic transcription call for model analysis in a systematic rather than case-by-case fashion. Here we analyze two general yet biologically-reasonable classes of stochastic transcription models: the first class called promoter models considers that promoter structure is general, and the second class called queuing models considers that waiting-time distributions are general. For the former, we show that there are conjugate relationships between models with different transcription exits. This property well reveals the mechanic principle of stochastic transcription in complex cases of transcription factor regulation. For the latter, we establish an integral equation for the mRNA moment-generating function, through which stationary mRNA moments of any orders can be analytically derived. Finally, we analyze parametric regions for robust unimodality and bimodality. The overall analysis not only lays a foundation for quantitative analysis of stochastic transcription but also reveals how the upstream promoter kinetics impact the downstream expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Tian Shou Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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Zeng L, Jacobsen SB, Sasselov DD, Petaev MI, Vanderburg A, Lopez-Morales M, Perez-Mercader J, Mattsson TR, Li G, Heising MZ, Bonomo AS, Damasso M, Berger TA, Cao H, Levi A, Wordsworth RD. Growth model interpretation of planet size distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9723-9728. [PMID: 31036661 PMCID: PMC6525489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812905116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The radii and orbital periods of 4,000+ confirmed/candidate exoplanets have been precisely measured by the Kepler mission. The radii show a bimodal distribution, with two peaks corresponding to smaller planets (likely rocky) and larger intermediate-size planets, respectively. While only the masses of the planets orbiting the brightest stars can be determined by ground-based spectroscopic observations, these observations allow calculation of their average densities placing constraints on the bulk compositions and internal structures. However, an important question about the composition of planets ranging from 2 to 4 Earth radii (R⊕) still remains. They may either have a rocky core enveloped in a H2-He gaseous envelope (gas dwarfs) or contain a significant amount of multicomponent, H2O-dominated ices/fluids (water worlds). Planets in the mass range of 10-15 M⊕, if half-ice and half-rock by mass, have radii of 2.5 R⊕, which exactly match the second peak of the exoplanet radius bimodal distribution. Any planet in the 2- to 4-R⊕ range requires a gas envelope of at most a few mass percentage points, regardless of the core composition. To resolve the ambiguity of internal compositions, we use a growth model and conduct Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that many intermediate-size planets are "water worlds."
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Stein B Jacobsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Dimitar D Sasselov
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Michail I Petaev
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Andrew Vanderburg
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Mercedes Lopez-Morales
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Juan Perez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Thomas R Mattsson
- High Energy Density Physics Theory Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
| | - Gongjie Li
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313
| | - Matthew Z Heising
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Aldo S Bonomo
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Mario Damasso
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Travis A Berger
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Hao Cao
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Amit Levi
- Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, MA 02138
| | - Robin D Wordsworth
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Abstract
Polymer-based fluorescent nanomaterials have proven to universally image various tumors based on their extremely sharp responsiveness to pH change. Such a property has never been realized in supramolecular systems. We herein design a small molecule (DPP-thiophene-4) that is composed of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core and two alkyl chains terminated with quaternary ammonium. DPP-thiophene-4 can self-assemble into a nonfluorescent nanoassembly when the pH is >7.0 but reversibly disassembles back to fluorescent monomers when the pH is <6.8. Meanwhile, its fluorescence emission increases by 10-fold within a 0.2 pH unit change. Such a fluorogenic nanoassembly can precisely differentiate a number of malignant tumors among normal tissues in vivo due to the slight acidity within tumor microenvironments. Further the nanoassembly shows satisfactory biocompatibility and an effective clearance from the body. Overall, this supramolecular fluorogenic nanoassembly exhibits an immense potential for realizing broad range tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology , No.11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Neven LG, Yee WL. Impact of Prolonged Absence of Low Temperature on Adult Eclosion Patterns of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environ Entomol 2017; 46:708-713. [PMID: 28369322 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Curran) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest of cherries (Prunus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Previous research suggests that R. indifferens is unlikely to establish in commercial cherry production areas in California and in tropical export markets because cold temperatures, below 5 °C, in those regions appear insufficient to complete diapause. However, it is unclear how prolonged absence of cold exposure affects diapause termination in R. indifferens. Here, we examined this question by exposing R. indifferens pupae for 40 wk to simulated temperate and tropical conditions of 23 or 26 °C, 40 or 80% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 or 12:12 (L:D) h. Eclosion patterns among fly groups in the four conditions did not differ. For all groups, fly eclosion from pupae not exposed to cold exhibited a bimodal distribution. The first major peak, comprising 3.2% of the total fly emergence, occurred at 1-10 wk. The second major peak, comprising the remaining 96.8%, occurred at a mode of ∼30 wk. Based on responses to no cold and cold (3 ± 1.5 °C) exposures, there were three distinct pupal diapause groups: the first eclosion group was likely nondiapausing pupae; the second eclosion group was likely diapausing pupae; a third group that remained viable but did not produce adults after 40 wk may represent prolonged dormancy pupae. We suggest that eclosion of adults after prolonged absence of cold exposure needs to be incorporated into models for potential fly establishment in warm climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Neven
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951 (; )
| | - Wee L Yee
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951 (; )
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