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Bréard E, Schulz C, Sailleau C, Bernelin-Cottet C, Viarouge C, Vitour D, Guillaume B, Caignard G, Gorlier A, Attoui H, Gallois M, Hoffmann B, Zientara S, Beer M. Bluetongue virus serotype 27: Experimental infection of goats, sheep and cattle with three BTV-27 variants reveal atypical characteristics and likely direct contact transmission BTV-27 between goats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e251-e263. [PMID: 29243405 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) hitherto consisted of 26 recognized serotypes, of which all except BTV-26 are primarily transmitted by certain species of Culicoides biting midges. Three variants of an additional 27th bluetongue virus serotype (BTV-27v01-v03) were recently detected in asymptomatic goats in Corsica, France, 2014-2015. Molecular characterization revealed genetic differences between the three variants. Therefore, in vivo characteristics were investigated by experimental infection of a total of 15 goats, 11 sheep and 4 cattle with any one of the three variants in separated animal trials. In goat trials, BTV-naïve animals of the same species were kept in a facility where direct contact was unhindered. Of the 15 inoculated goats, 13 and 14 animals were found positive for BTV-RNA and antibodies (Ab), respectively, until the end of the experiments. Surprisingly, BTV-Ab levels as measured with ELISA and neutralization test (SNT) were remarkably low in all seropositive goats. Virus isolation from whole-blood was possible at the peak of viremia until 49 dpi. Moreover, detection of BTV-27v02-RNA and Ab in one contact goat indicated that-similar to BTV-26-at least one of three BTV-27 variants may be transmitted by contact between goats. In the field, BTV-27 RNA can be detected up to 6 months in the whole-blood of BTV-27-infected Corsican goats. In contrast, BTV RNA was not detected in the blood of cattle or sheep. In addition, BTV-27 Abs were not detected in cattle and only a transient increase in Ab levels was observed in some sheep. None of the 30 animals showed obvious BT-like clinical signs. In summary, the phenotypes observed for BTV-27v01-v03 phenotypes correspond to a mixture of characteristics known for BTV-25 and 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bréard
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Schulz
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - C Sailleau
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Bernelin-Cottet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Viarouge
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - D Vitour
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - B Guillaume
- Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Unite de Pathologie du Betail, Universite Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Caignard
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Gorlier
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - H Attoui
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Gallois
- Regional Federation of Corsican Animal Health Groups, FRGDSB20, Ajaccio, France
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - S Zientara
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale d'Alfort, Université Paris Est, ANSES, ENVA, INRA, UMR 1161 VIROLOGIE, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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