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Gavril EC, Nucă I, Pânzaru MC, Ivanov AV, Mihai CT, Antoci LM, Ciobanu CG, Rusu C, Popescu R. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in 2q37-Deletion Syndrome: An Update of the Clinical Spectrum and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:465. [PMID: 36833393 PMCID: PMC9957522 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
2q37 microdeletion/deletion syndrome (2q37DS) is one of the most common subtelomeric deletion disorders, caused by a 2q37 deletion of variable size. The syndrome is characterized by a broad and diverse spectrum of clinical findings: characteristic facial dysmorphism, developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), brachydactyly type E, short stature, obesity, hypotonia in infancy, and abnormal behavior with autism spectrum disorder. Although numerous cases have been described so far, the exact mapping of the genotype and phenotype have not yet been achieved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study we analyzed nine newly diagnosed cases with 2q37 deletion (3 male/6 female, aged between 2 and 30 years old), and followed up at the Iasi Regional Medical Genetics Centre. All patients were tested first with MLPA using combined kits P036/P070 subtelomeric screening mix and follow-up mix P264; after, the deletion size and location were confirmed via CGH-array. We compared our findings with the data of other cases reported in the literature. RESULTS From nine cases, four had pure 2q37 deletions of variable sizes, and five presented deletion/duplication rearrangements (with chromosomes 2q, 9q, and 11p). In most cases, characteristic phenotypic aspects were observed: 9/9 facial dysmorphism, 8/9 global developmental delay and ID, 6/9 hypotonia, 5/9 behavior disorders, and 8/9 skeletal anomalies-especially brachydactyly type E. Two cases had obesity, one case had craniosynostosis, and four had heart defects. Other features found in our cases included translucent skin and telangiectasias (6/9), and a hump of fat on the upper thorax (5/9). CONCLUSIONS Our study enriches the literature data by describing new clinical features associated with 2q37 deletion, and possible genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Cristiana Gavril
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Investigatii Medicale Praxis, St. Moara de Vant No 35, 700376 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Nucă
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Investigatii Medicale Praxis, St. Moara de Vant No 35, 700376 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Genetics Department, “Saint Mary” Emergency Children’s Hospital, St. Vasile Lupu No 62, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Viorica Ivanov
- Pediatrics Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Lucian-Mihai Antoci
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian-Gabriel Ciobanu
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Genetics Department, “Saint Mary” Emergency Children’s Hospital, St. Vasile Lupu No 62, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street, No 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Genetics Department, “Saint Mary” Emergency Children’s Hospital, St. Vasile Lupu No 62, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Jean-Marçais N, Decamp M, Gérard M, Ribault V, Andrieux J, Kottler ML, Plessis G. The first familial case of inherited 2q37.3 interstitial deletion with isolated skeletal abnormalities including brachydactyly type E and short stature. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:185-9. [PMID: 25402011 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like syndrome is also known as brachydactyly-mental retardation syndrome (BDMR; OMIM 60040). This disorder includes intellectual disability in all patients, skeletal abnormalities, including brachydactyly E (BDE) in approximately half, obesity, and facial dysmorphism. Patients with 2q37 microdeletion or HDAC4 mutation are defined as having an AHO-like phenotype with normal stimulatory G (Gs) function. HDAC4 is involved in neurological, cardiac, and skeletal function. This paper reports the first familial case of 2q37.3 interstitial deletion affecting two genes, HDAC4 and TWIST2. Patients presented with BDE and short stature without intellectual disability, showing that haploinsufficiency of the HDAC4 critical region may lead to a spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from isolated brachydactyly type E to BDMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Jean-Marçais
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Universitaire de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France; Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
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