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Zhang M, Li B, Liu Y, Tang R, Lang Y, Huang Q, He J. Different Modes of Low-Frequency Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Attenuation of Epilepsy Based on the Topological Theory. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12081001. [PMID: 34442623 PMCID: PMC8399944 DOI: 10.3390/mi12081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is common brain dysfunction, where abnormal synchronized activities can be observed across multiple brain regions. Low-frequency focused pulsed ultrasound has been proven to modulate the epileptic brain network. In this study, we used two modes of low-intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-wave and continuous-wave) to sonicate the brains of KA-induced epileptic rats, analyzed the EEG functional brain connections to explore their respective effect on the epileptic brain network, and discuss the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation. By comparing the brain network characteristics before and after sonication, we found that two modes of ultrasound both significantly affected the functional brain network, especially in the low-frequency band below 12 Hz. After two modes of sonication, the power spectral density of the EEG signals and the connection strength of the brain network were significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference between the two modes. Our results indicated that the ultrasound neuromodulation could effectively regulate the epileptic brain connections. The ultrasound-mediated attenuation of epilepsy was independent of modes of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Bo Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rongyu Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiran Lang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiping He
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-68917396
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2
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Abstract
Research that links brain structure with behavior needs more data, better analyses, and more intelligent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bahrami M, Laurienti PJ, Simpson SL. A MATLAB toolbox for multivariate analysis of brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:175-186. [PMID: 30256496 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex brain networks formed via structural and functional interactions among brain regions are believed to underlie information processing and cognitive function. A growing number of studies indicate that altered brain network topology is associated with physiological, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities. Graph theory is showing promise as a method for evaluating and explaining brain networks. However, multivariate frameworks that provide statistical inferences about how such networks relate to covariates of interest, such as disease phenotypes, in different study populations are yet to be developed. We have developed a freely available MATLAB toolbox with a graphical user interface that bridges this important gap between brain network analyses and statistical inference. The modeling framework implemented in this toolbox utilizes a mixed-effects multivariate regression framework that allows assessing brain network differences between study populations as well as assessing the effects of covariates of interest such as age, disease phenotype, and risk factors on the density and strength of brain connections in global (i.e., whole-brain) and local (i.e., subnetworks) brain networks. Confounding variables, such as sex, are controlled for through the implemented framework. A variety of neuroimaging data such as fMRI, EEG, and DTI can be analyzed with this toolbox, which makes it useful for a wide range of studies examining the structure and function of brain networks. The toolbox uses SAS, R, or Python (depending on software availability) to perform the statistical modeling. We also provide a clustering-based data reduction method that helps with model convergence and substantially reduces modeling time for large data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean L Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Gigliotta O, Seidel Malkinson T, Miglino O, Bartolomeo P. Pseudoneglect in Visual Search: Behavioral Evidence and Connectional Constraints in Simulated Neural Circuitry. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0154-17.2017. [PMID: 29291241 PMCID: PMC5745611 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0154-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most people tend to bisect horizontal lines slightly to the left of their true center (pseudoneglect) and start visual search from left-sided items. This physiological leftward spatial bias may depend on hemispheric asymmetries in the organization of attentional networks, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we modeled relevant aspects of the ventral and dorsal attentional networks (VAN and DAN) of the human brain. First, we demonstrated pseudoneglect in visual search in 101 right-handed psychology students. Participants consistently tended to start the task from a left-sided item, thus showing pseudoneglect. Second, we trained populations of simulated neurorobots to perform a similar task, by using a genetic algorithm. The neurorobots' behavior was controlled by artificial neural networks, which simulated the human VAN and DAN in the two brain hemispheres. Neurorobots differed in the connectional constraints that were applied to the anatomy and function of the attention networks. Results indicated that (1) neurorobots provided with a biologically plausible hemispheric asymmetry of the VAN-DAN connections, as well as with interhemispheric inhibition, displayed the best match with human data; however; (2) anatomical asymmetry per se was not sufficient to generate pseudoneglect; in addition, the VAN must have an excitatory influence on the ipsilateral DAN; and (3) neurorobots provided with bilateral competence in the VAN but without interhemispheric inhibition failed to display pseudoneglect. These findings provide a proof of concept of the causal link between connectional asymmetries and pseudoneglect and specify important biological constraints that result in physiological asymmetries of human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Gigliotta
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Orazio Miglino
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière ICM, 75013 Paris, France
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Peng B, Lu J, Saxena A, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Wang S, Dai Y. Examining Brain Morphometry Associated with Self-Esteem in Young Adults Using Multilevel-ROI-Features-Based Classification Method. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:37. [PMID: 28588470 PMCID: PMC5438414 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is to exam self-esteem related brain morphometry on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images using multilevel-features-based classification method. Method: The multilevel region of interest (ROI) features consist of two types of features: (i) ROI features, which include gray matter volume, white matter volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area, and (ii) similarity features, which are based on similarity calculation of cortical thickness between ROIs. For each feature type, a hybrid feature selection method, comprising of filter-based and wrapper-based algorithms, is used to select the most discriminating features. ROI features and similarity features are integrated by using multi-kernel support vector machines (SVMs) with appropriate weighting factor. Results: The classification performance is improved by using multilevel ROI features with an accuracy of 96.66%, a specificity of 96.62%, and a sensitivity of 95.67%. The most discriminating ROI features that are related to self-esteem spread over occipital lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, limbic lobe, temporal lobe, and central region, mainly involving white matter and cortical thickness. The most discriminating similarity features are distributed in both the right and left hemisphere, including frontal lobe, occipital lobe, limbic lobe, parietal lobe, and central region, which conveys information of structural connections between different brain regions. Conclusion: By using ROI features and similarity features to exam self-esteem related brain morphometry, this paper provides a pilot evidence that self-esteem is linked to specific ROIs and structural connections between different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Jieru Lu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changzhou UniversityChangzhou, China
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Trauma Center, Khandwa District HospitalKhandwa, India
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou, China
| | - Yakang Dai
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou, China
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Knösche TR, Anwander A, Liptrot M, Dyrby TB. Validation of tractography: Comparison with manganese tracing. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4116-34. [PMID: 26178765 PMCID: PMC5034837 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used invasive tracing to evaluate white matter tractography methods based on ex vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dwMRI) data. A representative selection of tractography methods were compared to manganese tracing on a voxel-wise basis, and a more qualitative assessment examined whether, and to what extent, certain fiber tracts and gray matter targets were reached. While the voxel-wise agreement was very limited, qualitative assessment revealed that tractography is capable of finding the major fiber tracts, although there were some differences between the methods. However, false positive connections were very common and, in particular, we discovered that it is not possible to achieve high sensitivity (i.e., few false negatives) and high specificity (i.e., few false positives) at the same time. Closer inspection of the results led to the conclusion that these problems mainly originate from regions with complex fiber arrangements or high curvature and are not easily resolved by sophisticated local models alone. Instead, the crucial challenge in making tractography a truly useful and reliable tool in brain research and neurology lies in the acquisition of better data. In particular, the increase of spatial resolution, under preservation of the signal-to-noise-ratio, is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Knösche
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfred Anwander
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew Liptrot
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim B Dyrby
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Abstract
It is now widely accepted that the brain makes important contributions to the dysregulated glucose metabolism, altered feeding behaviors, and the obesity often seen in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although studies focusing on genetic, cellular, and molecular regulatory elements in pancreas, liver, adipose tissue etc provide a good understanding of how these processes relate to T2D, our knowledge of how brain wiring patterns are organized is much less developed. This article discusses animal studies that illustrate the importance of understanding the network organization of those brain regions most closely implicated in T2D. It will describe the brain networks, as well as the methodologies used to explore them. To illustrate some of the gaps in our knowledge, we will discuss the connectional network of the ventromedial nucleus and its adjacent cell groups in the hypothalamus; structures that are widely recognized as key elements in the brain's ability to control glycemia, feeding, and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Center for NeuroMetabolic Interactions and The Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building, MC 2520, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2520, USA,
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Abstract
Decoding neural algorithms is one of the major goals of neuroscience. It is generally accepted that brain computations rely on the orchestration of neural activity at local scales, as well as across the brain through long-range connections. Understanding the relationship between brain activity and connectivity is therefore a prerequisite to cracking the neural code. In the past few decades, tremendous technological advances have been achieved in connectivity measurement techniques. We now possess a battery of tools to measure brain activity and connections at all available scales. A great source of excitement are the new in vivo tools that allow us to measure structural and functional connections noninvasively. Here, we discuss how these new technologies may contribute to deciphering the neural code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Jbabdi
- FMRIB Centre, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E Behrens
- FMRIB Centre, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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