Role and targeting of the AGC kinase family in pulmonary fibrosis (Review)

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, cGMP-dependent protein kinase G and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C, collectively known as AGC kinases, are evolutionarily conserved protein kinases that are widely distributed among eukaryotes. AGC kinases serve a crucial role in a variety of cellular functions and pathological processes, including cancer, diabetes, inflammation and viral infections, where they have been implicated the pathogenesis of PF. The present review summarizes the evidence for the involvement of specific AGC kinases in the pathogenesis of PF, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of targeted AGC kinase small molecule inhibitors or targeted drugs, offering more effective treatment options and strategies for patients with PF.