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A Hosny S, M Abdelmenem A, Azouz T, S Kamar S, M ShamsEldeen A, A El-Shafei A. Beneficial Effect of Erythropoietin on Ameliorating Propionic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Features in Young Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:77-86. [PMID: 37970239 PMCID: PMC10644041 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs communication and social interaction. This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on experimental autistic-like behaviors induced by propionic acid (PPA). Twenty-four rats were distributed into three groups: (i) control; (ii) PPA_Gp: daily injected subcutaneously with PPA for five consecutive days; PPA+EPO-Gp: injected with PPA, then received intraperitoneal injection of EPO once daily for two weeks. Behavioral changes in the rats were assessed. Specimens from the cerebellar hemispheres were subjected to histological and ultrastructure examination, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calbindin-D28K, and biochemical analysis for glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. PPA-Gp showed significant behavioral impairment, with a significant depletion in GSH-px, GABA, and serotonin and a significant increase in MDA. Histological examination revealed reduced Purkinje cell count with ultrastructural degeneration, irregularly arranged nerve fibers in the molecular layer, astrogliosis, and significantly decreased calbindin-immunostaining compared to the control. EPO protected cerebellar structure, increased Purkinje cell count, improved neuronal morphology, reduced PPA-induced autistic-like features, alleviated neuronal oxidative stress, increased intercellular antioxidant levels, and suppressed inflammation. EPO provided significant protection against PPA-induced autistic features in rats, with structural preservation of Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Hosny
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Taha Azouz
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Shafei
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
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Li X, Yu H, Zhang B, Li L, Chen W, Yu Q, Huang X, Ke X, Wang Y, Jing W, Du H, Li H, Zhang T, Liu L, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. Molecularly defined and functionally distinct cholinergic subnetworks. Neuron 2022; 110:3774-3788.e7. [PMID: 36130594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) constitute a major source of cholinergic input to the forebrain and modulate diverse functions, including sensory processing, memory, and attention. Most studies to date have treated cholinergic neurons as a single population; as such, the organizational principles underling their functional diversity remain unknown. Here, we identified two subsets (D28K+ versus D28K-) of cholinergic neurons that are topographically segregated in mice, Macaca fascicularis, and humans. These cholinergic subpopulations possess unique electrophysiological signatures, express mutually exclusive marker genes (kcnh1 and aifm3 versus cacna1h and gga3), and make differential connections with physiologically distinct neuronal classes in the hippocampus to form two structurally defined and functionally distinct circuits. Gain- and loss-of-function studies on these circuits revealed their differential roles in modulation of anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory. These results provide a molecular and circuitry-based theory for how cholinergic neurons contribute to their diverse behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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He Z, Ferguson SA, Cui L, Greenfield LJ, Paule MG. Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2763-74. [PMID: 25206587 PMCID: PMC4145994 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.29.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents. Several mechanisms are proposed to underlie the processes that contribute to the sexual dimorphism (size difference) of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Recent evidence indicates that stem cell activity, including proliferation and migration presumably from the 3rd ventricle stem cell niche, may play a critical role in the postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and its distinguishing sexually dimorphic feature: a signifi-cantly larger volume in males. Sex hormones and estrogen-like compounds can affect the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Despite considerable research, it remains un-clear whether estrogen-like compounds and/or sex hormones increase size of the sexually dimor-phic nucleus of the preoptic area via an increase in stem cell activity originating from the 3rd ventricle stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72005, USA
| | - Sherry Ann Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72005, USA
| | - Lazar John Greenfield
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72005, USA
| | - Merle Gale Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Jeong SJ, Kim HH, Lee WS, Jeon CJ. Immunocytochemical Localization of Calbindin D28K, Calretinin, and Parvalbumin in Bat Superior Colliculus. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:113-23. [PMID: 25320408 PMCID: PMC4164697 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the localization of cells containing the calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) calbindin D28K (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV) in the superior colliculus (SC) of the bat using immunocytochemistry. CB-immunoreactive (IR) cells formed a laminar tier within the upper superficial gray layer (SGL), while CR-IR cells were widely distributed within the optic layer (OL). Scattered CR-IR cells were also found within the intermediate gray, white, and deep gray layers. By contrast, PV-IR cells formed a laminar tier within the lower SGL and upper OL. Scattered PV-IR cells were also found throughout the intermediate layers, but without a specific laminar pattern. The CBP-IR cells varied in size and morphology: While most of the CB-IR cells in the superficial layers were small round or oval cells, most CR-IR cells in the intermediate and deep layers were large stellate cells. By contrast, PV-IR cells were small to large in size and included round or oval, stellate, vertical fusiform, and horizontal cells. The average diameters of the CB-, CR-, and PV-IR cells were 11.59, 17.17, and 12.60 μm, respectively. Double-immunofluorescence revealed that the percentage of co-localization with GABA-IR cells was 0.0, 0.0, and 10.27% of CB-, CR-, and PV-IR cells, respectively. These results indicate that CBP distribution patterns in the bat SC are unique compared with other mammalian SCs, which suggest functional diversity of these proteins in visually guided behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Hyun-Ho Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Won-Sig Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, and Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University
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Das A, Wallace G, Reiter RJ, Varma AK, Ray SK, Banik NL. Overexpression of melatonin membrane receptors increases calcium-binding proteins and protects VSC4.1 motoneurons from glutamate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:58-68. [PMID: 22823500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has shown particular promise as a neuroprotective agent to prevent motoneuron death in animal models of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI). However, an understanding of the roles of endogenous melatonin receptors including MT1, MT2, and orphan G-protein receptor 50 (GPR50) in neuroprotection is lacking. To address this deficiency, we utilized plasmids for transfection and overexpression of individual melatonin receptors in the ventral spinal cord 4.1 (VSC4.1) motoneuron cell line. Receptor-mediated cytoprotection following exposure to glutamate at a toxic level (25 μm) was determined by assessing cell viability, apoptosis, and intracellular free Ca(2+) levels. Our findings indicate a novel role for MT1 and MT2 for increasing expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28K and parvalbumin. Increased levels of calbindin D28K and parvalbumin in VSC4.1 cells overexpressing MT1 and MT2 were associated with cytoprotective effects including inhibition of proapoptotic signaling, downregulation of inflammatory factors, and expression of prosurvival markers. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effects conferred by overexpression of MT1 and/or MT2 were also associated with increases in the estrogen receptor β (ERβ): estrogen receptor α (ERα) ratio and upregulation of angiogenic factors. GPR50 did not exhibit cytoprotective effects. To further confirm the involvement of the melatonin receptors, we silenced both MT1 and MT2 in VSC4.1 cells using RNA interference technology. Knockdown of MT1 and MT2 led to an increase in glutamate toxicity, which was only partially reversed by melatonin treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that the neuroprotection against glutamate toxicity exhibited by melatonin may depend on MT1 and MT2 but not GPR50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Das
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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