1
|
Abstract
Some cancers such as human breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer easily metastasize to bone, leading to osteolysis and bone destruction accompanied by a complicated microenvironment. Systemic administration of bisphosphonates (BP) or denosumab is the routine therapy for osteolysis but with non-negligible side effects such as mandibular osteonecrosis and hypocalcemia. Thus, it is imperative to exploit optimized drug delivery systems, and some novel nanotechnology and nanomaterials have opened new horizons for scientists. Targeted and local drug delivery systems can optimize biodistribution depending on nanoparticles (NPs) or microspheres (MS) and implantable biomaterials with the controllable property. Drug delivery kinetics can be optimized by smart and sustained/local drug delivery systems for responsive delivery and sustained delivery. These delicately fabricated drug delivery systems with special matrix, structure, morphology, and modification can minimize unexpected toxicity caused by systemic delivery and achieve desired effects through integrating multiple drugs or multiple functions. This review summarized recent studies about optimized drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer metastatic osteolysis, aimed at giving some inspiration in designing efficient multifunctional drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlei Xing
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhu Qian
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have enormous potential as therapeutics to target and treat various bone disorders such as osteoporosis and cancer bone metastases. However, effective and specific delivery of siRNA therapeutics to bone and bone-specific cells in vivo is very challenging. To realize the full therapeutic potential of siRNA in treating bone disorders, a safe and efficient, tissue- and cell-specific delivery system must be developed. This review focuses on recent advances in bone site-specific delivery of siRNA at the tissue or cellular level. Bone-targeted nanoparticulate siRNA carriers and various bone-targeted moieties such as bisphosphonates, oligopeptides (Asp)8 and (AspSerSer)6, and aptamers are highlighted. Incorporation of these bone-seeking targeting moieties into siRNA carriers allows for recognition of different sub-tissue functional domains of bone and also specific cell types residing in bone tissue. It also provides a means for bone-formation surface-, bone-resorption surface-, or osteoblast-specific targeting and transportation of siRNA therapeutics. The discussion mainly focuses on systemic and local bone-specific delivery of siRNA in osteoporosis and bone metastasis preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.,Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a vigorous research area and one of its important applications is in biomedical sciences. Among biomedical applications, targeted drug delivery is one of the most extensively studied subjects. Nanostructured particles and scaffolds have been widely studied for increasing treatment efficacy and specificity of present treatment approaches. Similarly, this technique has been used for treating bone diseases including bone regeneration. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted the recent advancement of nanostructured particles and scaffolds for the treatment of cancer bone metastasis, osteosarcoma, bone infections and inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, as well as for bone regeneration. Nanoparticles used to deliver deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid molecules to specific bone sites for gene therapies are also included. The investigation of the implications of nanoparticles in bone diseases have just begun, and has already shown some promising potential. Further studies have to be conducted, aimed specifically at assessing targeted delivery and bioactive scaffolds to further improve their efficacy before they can be used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu G, Campbell BT, Holladay MW, Ford Pulido JM, Hua H, Gitnick D, Gardner MF, James J, Breider MA, Brigham D, Belli B, Armstrong RC, Treiber DK. Discovery of AC710, a Globally Selective Inhibitor of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Family Kinases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:997-1002. [PMID: 24900421 DOI: 10.1021/ml300214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of potent, selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor-family kinase inhibitors was optimized starting from a globally selective lead molecule 4 through structural modifications aimed at improving the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, as exemplified by 18b. Further clearance reduction via per-methylation of the α-carbons of a solubilizing piperidine nitrogen resulted in advanced leads 22a and 22b. Results from a mouse tumor xenograft, a collagen-induced arthritis model, and a 7 day rat in vivo tolerability study culminated in the selection of compound 22b (AC710) as a preclinical development candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian T. Campbell
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark W. Holladay
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Julia M. Ford Pulido
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Helen Hua
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dana Gitnick
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael F. Gardner
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Joyce James
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mike A. Breider
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Brigham
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Barbara Belli
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert C. Armstrong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel K. Treiber
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cell Biology and Pharmacology, §Technology Development, and ∥DMPK and Toxicology, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Sato Y. Efficacy of oral etidronate for skeletal diseases in Japan. Yonsei Med J 2005; 46:313-20. [PMID: 15988801 PMCID: PMC2815806 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Etidronate is an oral bisphosphonate compound that is known to reduce bone resorption through the inhibition of osteoclastic activity. The efficacy of etidronate for involutional (postmenopausal and senile) and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, as well as that for other skeletal diseases, was reviewed in Japanese patients. Cyclical etidronate treatment (200 mg or 400mg/day for 2 weeks about every 3 months) increases the lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with involutional osteoporosis and prevents incident vertebral fractures in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The losses of the lumbar BMD in patients with liver cirrhosis and the metacarpal BMD in hemiplegic patients after stroke are prevented, and the lumbar BMD is possibly increased, preventing fragile fractures in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type I. Furthermore, proximal bone resorption around the femoral stem is reduced and some complications may be prevented in patients who undergo cementless total hip arthroplasty. Oral etidronate treatment may also help to transiently relieve metastatic cancer bone pain followed by a decrease in abnormally raised bone resorption in patients with painful bone metastases from primary cancer sites, such as the lung, breast and prostate. Thus, oral etidronate treatment is suggested to be efficacious for osteoporosis, as well as other skeletal diseases associated with increased bone resorption, in Japanese patients. Randomized controlled trials needed to be conducted on a large number of patients to confirm these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Department of Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|