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Çıldır ÖŞ, Özmen Ö, Kul S, Rişvanlı A, Özalp G, Sabuncu A, Kul O. Genetic analysis of PALB2 gene WD40 domain in canine mammary tumour patients. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1366. [PMID: 38527110 PMCID: PMC10962921 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair mechanisms are essential for tumorigenesis and disruption of HR mechanism is an important predisposing factor of human breast cancers (BC). PALB2 is an important part of the HR. There are similarities between canine mammary tumours (CMT) and BCs. As its human counterpart, PALB2 mutations could be a predisposing factor of CMT. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of PALB2 variants on tumorigenesis and canine mammary tumor (CMT) malignancy. METHODS We performed Sanger sequencing to detect germline mutations in the WD40 domain of the canine PALB2 gene in CMT patients. We conducted in silico analysis to investigate the variants, and compared the germline PALB2 mutations in humans that cause breast cancer (BC) with the variants detected in dogs with CMT. RESULTS We identified an intronic (c.3096+8C>G) variant, two exonic (p.A1050V and p.R1354R) variants, and a 3' UTR variant (c.4071T>C). Of these, p.R1354R and c.4071T>C novel variants were identified for the first time in this study. We found that the p.A1050V mutation had a significant effect. However, we could not determine sufficient similarity due to the differences in nucleotide/amino acid sequences between two species. Nonetheless, possible variants of human sequences in the exact location as their dog counterparts are associated with several cancer types, implying that the variants could be crucial for tumorigenesis in dogs. Our results did not show any effect of the variants on tumor malignancy. CONCLUSIONS The current project is the first study investigating the relationship between the PALB2 gene WD40 domain and CMTs. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the PALB2 gene in CMTs. In humans, variant positions in canines have been linked to cancer-related phenotypes such as familial BC, endometrial tumor, and hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome. The results of bioinformatics analyses should be investigated through functional tests or case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Şebnem Çıldır
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKafkas UniversityKarsTürkiye
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Özge Özmen
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTürkiye
| | - Selim Kul
- Department of Animal BreedingFaculty of Veterinary MedicineYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTürkiye
| | - Ali Rişvanlı
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFırat UniversityElazığTürkiye
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKyrgyz‐Turkish Manas UniversityBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Gözde Özalp
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBursa Uludağ UniversityBursaTürkiye
| | - Ahmet Sabuncu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary Medicineİstanbul UniversityİstanbulTürkiye
| | - Oğuz Kul
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKırıkkale UniversityKırıkkaleTürkiye
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Chang SC, Yuan SHC, Li CY, Chang HM, Wang HC, Pan YA, Hsueh PC, Wu CC, Yang Y, Liu HP. Significant association of serum autoantibodies to TYMS, HAPLN1 and IGFBP5 with early stage canine malignant mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:172-182. [PMID: 33038064 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most prevalent neoplasms in female dogs. Despite the high incidence of such tumours, a lack of easily accessible biomarkers still impedes early diagnosis of malignant CMTs. Herein we identify thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as CMT antigens eliciting corresponding autoantibodies in CMT cases. We establish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect autoantibodies to TYMS (TYMS-AAb), HAPLN1 (HAPLN1-AAb) and IGFBP5 (IGFBP5-AAb) in sera from 81 dogs with malignant CMTs (41 in Stage I), 24 with benign CMTs and 35 healthy controls. Levels of all the three autoantibodies are elevated in the malignant group compared with the healthy or the benign group; notably, the elevated autoantibody levels significantly correlate with the stage-I CMTs. For discriminating malignant CMTs from healthy control, the area under curve (AUC) of TYMS-AAb is 0.694 with specificity of 82.9% and sensitivity of 50.6%. The AUC of utilising HAPLN1-AAb for distinguishing the stage-I CMTs from healthy controls is 0.711 with specificity of 77.1% and sensitivity of 58.5%. In differentiating malignant CMTs from the benign, the AUC of IGFBP5-AAb reaches 0.696 with specificity of 70.8% and sensitivity of 67.9%, and a combination of IGFBP5-AAb and TYMS-AAb increases the AUC to 0.72. Finally, the AUC of combined HAPLN1-AAb and IGFBP5-AAb in discriminating the stage-I CMTs from the benign achieves 0.731. Collectively, this study highlights a significant association of the three serum autoantibodies with early stage malignant CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Hsien-Chi Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Cian Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Pan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Youngsen Yang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fhaikrue I, Srisawat W, Nambooppha B, Pringproa K, Thongtharb A, Prachasilchai W, Sthitmatee N. Identification of potential canine mammary tumour cell biomarkers using proteomic approach: Differences in protein profiles among tumour and normal mammary epithelial cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis-based mass spectrometry. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:787-795. [PMID: 32421920 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are regarded as invasive with a high rate of recurrent and metastasis in intact female dogs. Tumour diagnosis, therefore, is an important step in predicting and monitoring tumour progression. This study was designed to identify protein expression on CMTs by employing a proteomic approach. The primary cell culture from benign mixed tumour, simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma and normal mammary gland were established, and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was subsequently performed. The different spots on each sample type were collected for identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results indicated that cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and transketolase (TKT) were identified in benign mixed tumour cells and complex carcinoma cells. In contrast, cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and pyruvate kinase PKM were identified in simple carcinoma cells. Moreover, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein tumour antigen was identified specifically in complex carcinoma cells. In addition, ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase platelet type and elongation factor 2 proteins were observed in benign cells. In conclusion, all expressed proteins in this study have been recognized for acting as their expression that differs from healthy mammary epithelial cells. Expectantly, this study identified the expressed proteins that might be useful in further diagnostic biomarker studies on CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsarapan Fhaikrue
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Srisawat
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Boondarika Nambooppha
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Small Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Worapat Prachasilchai
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawooti Sthitmatee
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Tesi M, Millanta F, Poli A, Mazzetti G, Pasquini A, Panzani D, Rota A, Vannozzi I. Role of body condition score and adiponectin expression in the progression of canine mammary carcinomas. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:265-271. [PMID: 32202386 PMCID: PMC7397913 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for developing breast cancer in post‐menopausal period in humans and has been suspected to be associated with a worse prognosis also in the bitch. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between body condition score (BCS) and the prognosis of canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs) and the relationships between adiponectin expression and tumour behaviour. Seventy‐three bitches with tubular, tubulopapillary, solid or complex carcinomas were included in the present study. For each dog, evaluation of BCS was conducted using a nine‐point BCS system and the study population was divided into normal weight (4–5/9 points; n = 42), overweight (6–7/9 points; n = 19) and obese (8–9/9 points; n = 12). Type of diet (commercial, homemade or mixed) was recorded. After surgical excision, histological type, tumour size and nodal status were assessed and adiponectin expression was determined and quantified by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. CMC histotype was not correlated with BCS, while a positive correlation between BCS and histological grade (p < .01) was observed. Overweight and obese bitches combined showed a shorter cancer‐specific survival than normal weighted bitches (p < .01). Bitches fed with a homemade diet had a higher BCS than dogs fed with a commercial one, although no relationship was observed between diet and cancer‐specific survival. Thirty‐six CMCs scored positive for adiponectin expression (49%), but no correlation was found between the hormone expression and either CMC characteristics or prognosis. In conclusion, a higher BCS seems to be related with a higher prevalence of more aggressive CMCs and negatively affects the survival time in bitches with these mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tesi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Mazzetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Pasquini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Duccio Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Senhorello ILS, Terra EM, Sueiro FAR, Firmo BF, Anai LA, Goloni C, Canavari IC, Ampuero RAN, Pereira RS, Tinucci-Costa M. Clinical value of carcinoembryonic antigen in mammary neoplasms of bitches. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:315-323. [PMID: 31664787 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the behaviour and understanding the diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bitches with mammary carcinoma as a tool for monitoring and prognosis of canine cancer patients. Serum samples from 77 bitches were divided into four groups, G1 (n = 21), control group (healthy/neoplasia free bitches); G2 (n = 31), bitches with non-metastatic mammary carcinoma less than 3 cm; G3 (n = 12), bitches with non-metastatic mammary carcinoma greater than 3 cm; and, G4 (n = 13) bitches with mammary carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. The marker was dosed once in G1, whereas in G2, G3 and G4, CEA levels were determined before (M0) and 15 days after (M1) mastectomy, using the ELISA kit for humans while reading used ELISYS ONE human. A group of 11 bitches was followed up 45 days after mastectomy (M2). The results for the concentration of markers in blood serum samples at the evaluated times and their relationship with neoplasia biological behaviour and observed clinicopathological changes were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The ROC curve was established to find the cut-off value and calculate the test sensitivity and specificity, the multivariate matching analysis was performed to confirm the association between CEA values and clinicopathological variables. CEA values increased significantly in bitches with mammary carcinoma, metastatic tumours with a diameter larger than 3.0 cm and high grade, compared with healthy ones. In addition, mastectomy reduced the CEA concentration in the blood (P < .05) whereas high CEA levels were associated with unfavourable prognostic factors (P < .05). The biomarker presented good diagnostic value, especially for more aggressive tumours. In conclusion, CEA serum concentrations allowed to follow efficiently the evolution of mammary tumours in bitches, since CEA values increased in bitches with mammary gland tumour and decreased after mastectomy while correlating with prognostic factors such as tumour size, nodal metastasis and histological grade. Further studies are still needed to confirm its diagnostic value for follow-up of relapse and early metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L S Senhorello
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika M Terra
- Veterinarian, Nestlé Purina PetCare, Altinópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe A R Sueiro
- Veterinarian, VETPAT Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna F Firmo
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia A Anai
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Goloni
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela C Canavari
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto A N Ampuero
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Pereira
- Veterinarian, VETPAT Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Schoos A, Knab VM, Gabriel C, Tripolt S, Wagner DA, Bauder B, Url A, Fux DA. In vitro study to assess the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD-0332991) for treating canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:507-521. [PMID: 31207004 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapy of canine mammary tumours (CMTs) with classical antitumour drugs is problematic, so better therapeutic options are needed. Palbociclib (PD-0332991) is an innovative and effective anticancer drug for the treatment of breast cancer in women. Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, which are key regulators of the cell cycle machinery and thus cell proliferation. In the present in vitro study, we investigated whether Palbociclib also represents a candidate drug to combat CMT. For this purpose, the effect of Palbociclib was analysed in P114 and CF41 cells, two CMT cell lines with an endogenous CDK4/6 co-expression. Incubation of P114 and CF41 cells with Palbociclib resulted in a dose- and time-dependent loss of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a classical CDK4/6 substrate within the cell cycle machinery. Moreover, treatment of CMT cells with Palbociclib-induced cell cycle arrest affected cell viability, prevented colony formation and impaired cell migration activity. Palbociclib also inhibited the growth of P114 and CF41 cell spheroids. Immunohistochemical analysis of canine patient samples revealed a consistent expression of CDK6 in different canine mammary carcinoma types, but an individual and tumour-specific expression pattern of phosphorylated pRb independent of the tumour grade. Together, our findings let us suggest that Palbociclib has antitumour effects on CMT cells and that canine patients may represent potential candidates for treatment with this CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Gabriel
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Tripolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bauder
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Url
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Canadas A, Santos M, Medeiros R, Dias-Pereira P. Influence of E-cadherin genetic variation in canine mammary tumour risk, clinicopathological features and prognosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:489-496. [PMID: 31100200 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that participates in several cellular processes that guarantee the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of epithelial tissues. E-cadherin plays an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, and various studies have demonstrated the effect of CDH1 genetic variation in risk, progression and biological behaviour of human breast cancer. Although there are some recognized genetic variations in canine CDH1 gene, their influence in canine mammary tumour development and progression has not been previously evaluated. In this study, we aim to assess the influence of CDH1 SNPs rs850805755, rs852280880 and rs852639930 in the risk, clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of canine mammary tumours. A case-control study was conducted involving 206 bitches with mammary tumours and 161 bitches free of mammary neoplasia. CDH1 SNPs rs850805755 and rs852280880 were associated with a decreased risk and a later onset of mammary tumour development. Furthermore, these SNPs were related to the development of small size carcinomas, of low histological grade and low nuclear pleomorphism. SNP rs852639930 was associated with the development of small size tumours with a non-infiltrative, non-invasive growth pattern. Data from the present investigation demonstrate that these CDH1 genetic variants could have a protective role in canine mammary tumours, by being associated with low risk of tumour development, delayed onset of the disease and less aggressive clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Canadas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Santos
- Department of Microscopy, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,LPCC, Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC-NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UPorto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kau S, Miller I, Tichy A, Gabriel C. S100A4 (metastasin) positive mesenchymal canine mammary tumour spheroids reduce Tenascin C synthesis under DMSO exposure in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1428-1444. [PMID: 28074628 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer research S100A4-positive tumour-associated stromal cells are assumed as primary source of Tenascin C (TNC) in the metastatic environment. Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize S100A4/TNC positive stromal canine mammary tumour (CMT) cells. Cells grown as scaffold-free spheroids were investigated for S100A4, TNC, and proliferative activity under 1.8% DMSO stimulation by means of Western blot and immunohistochemistry. DMSO is a commonly used drug solvent despite well-known side effects on cells including TNC expression. DMSO did not affect proliferation, but TNC was significantly reduced under DMSO exposure for 7 and 14 days, whereby for S100A4 a reducing effect was only observed after 14 days. Without DMSO, cells stably expressed TNC and S100A4 which makes them suitable to be used in experimental approaches requiring S100A4/TNC expressing CMT stromal cells. Results show that 1.8% DMSO should not be used as solvent for experiments concerning TNC/S100A4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kau
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Platform Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gabriel
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
To contribute to the investigation of the composition of the extracellular matrix in epithelial tumours, mammary gland tissues of dogs (including tumours, hyperplasias and normal tissue as well as metastatic lesions in lymph nodes and lung) were studied histochemically and immunohistochemically for distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs). The formaline-fixed tissue was stained by alcian blue at pH 5.8, using the 'critical electrolyte concentration' to study the degree of sulphation of s-GAGs. s-GAGs were characterized by degradation with enzymes and nitrous acid and by immunohistochemistry with two anti-chondroitin sulphate monoclonal antibodies. The light microscopic investigation of s-GAG deposits revealed a limited number of patterns of their distribution. The main s-GAGs found in the mammary gland tumours of dogs and in metastatic lesions were chondroitin sulphate (CS) and heparin/heparan sulphate (HEP/HS). CS accumulated in diffuse structures between epithelial cells as well as around clusters of tumour cells. The latter pattern, possibly representing a mesenchymal reaction to the tumour, was present in 74% of the tumours, and in 67% of these, highly sulphated CS was present. A diffuse accumulation of CS was present almost exclusively in complex and mixed tumours; because of the expression of the 3B3 epitope for CS in immature cartilage the spindle cells of complex tumours are argued to be the precursors of the cartilage in mixed tumours. HEP/HS was stored mainly in mast cells that were found in increased numbers in hyperplasias and tumours. By pretreatment of microscopic slides with chondroitinase AC or ABC immunostaining of fibronectin could be made possible in areas in which CS was abundantly present, suggesting that CS may mask fibronectin epitopes. It is concluded that CS with different degrees of sulphation is the most important s-GAG in the extracellular matrix of mammary tumours of dogs. CS and other s-GAGs accumulate at different sites and may have a different pathogenetic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hinrichs
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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