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Ashagrie G, Abebe A, Umer S. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Ehretia cymosa Thonn ( Boraginaceae) Leaves in Rodents. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:63-79. [PMID: 36864852 PMCID: PMC9970881 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s396769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnobotanical studies in various districts of Ethiopia reported that Ehretia cymosa (E. cymosa) is used for the management of headache, abdominal pain, arthritis and rheumatism. However, there is no scientific investigation done so far to confirm these traditional claims. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the 80% methanol extract and fractions of E. cymosa leaves. Methods The dried and pulverized leaves of E. cymosa were soaked with 80% methanol to obtain a crude extract. Fractionation was done using chloroform, ethyl acetate and water by a soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic effects of the crude extract and solvent fractions were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests whereas anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton-pellet-induced granuloma models. Results In all the tested doses, the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions revealed substantial (p < 0.001) analgesic activities in acetic acid induced writhing test. In the hot plate method, all the tested doses of E. cymosa crude extract and the solvent fractions produced significant analgesic activities (p < 0.05). In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model, all tested doses of the crude extract and solvent fractions resulted in a significant decline in paw edema. The 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of E. cymosa at all the tested doses significantly reduced inflammatory exudates and granuloma mass formations (p < 0.001). Conclusion From the results of this investigation, it can be stated that 80% methanol extract, aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of E. cymosa exhibited considerable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the plant's traditional use as a remedy for a variety of painful and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Ashagrie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Getachew Ashagrie, Tel +251927368467, Email
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Biomedical Research Team, Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shemsu Umer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ashenafi E, Abula T, Abay SM, Arayaselassie M, Taye S, Muluye RA. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern. (Asteraceae). J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:29-40. [PMID: 36733956 PMCID: PMC9888398 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s398487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The leaves of V. auriculifera has been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, and pain in various parts of Ethiopia. However, to our knowledge, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions has never been experimentally studied. Objective To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of V. auriculifera leaf extract and solvent fractions in rodent models. Material and methods Air-dried leaves of V. auriculifera were grounded and macerated using 80% methanol. The air-dried, grounded leaves were also successively extracted with ethyl acetate, and methanol. The residue was then macerated in water for 72 hr. The extract's peripheral analgesic activity, as well as the solvent fractions, were determined using an acetic acid-induced writhing test. The hot plate model was used to assess the central analgesic effect. Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect in rats. Results The 80% methanol leaf extract and solvent fractions have demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) peripheral and central analgesic activity. Both 80% methanol leaf extract and solvent fractions of V. auriculifera were found to have anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. In the cotton pellet-induced granuloma model, all concentrations of 80% methanol leaf extract (ME), methanol fraction (MEF), and aqueous fractions (AQF) of V. auriculifera inhibited exudate and granuloma formation. Although all tested doses significantly inhibited granuloma mass formation, only the medium and highest ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) doses significantly inhibited the generation of inflammatory exudate. Conclusion This study's findings indicate that the solvent fractions and 80% methanol extract of V. auriculifera have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study's findings not only confirm the plants' traditional claim but also provide clues for further investigation of the active principles of this plant for the development of effective and safe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Ashenafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Ephrem Ashenafi, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Teferra Abula
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mequanente Abay
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mahlet Arayaselassie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Taye
- Department of Biomedical Research Team, Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rekik Ashebir Muluye
- Department of Biomedical Research Team, Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mengie T, Mequanente S, Nigussie D, Legesse B, Makonnen E. Investigation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1775-1787. [PMID: 33981155 PMCID: PMC8109023 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The various fractions of leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) have not yet been explored scientifically for in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fractions of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera in rats. METHODS The 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera was fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol and water. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using excision and incision wound models, rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models, respectively. For wound healing activity, fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments. The positive control groups were treated with nitrofurazone 0.2% ointment. Simple ointment treated for excision wound model and untreated for incision wound model rats were assigned as negative controls. For anti-inflammatory activity, fractions were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg. Positive control groups were treated with indomethacin 10mg/kg for both rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The 2% Tween 80 treated rats were assigned as negative controls for both anti-inflammatory activity models. All groups comprised of 6 rats and treatment administrations were made topically and orally for evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. RESULTS The 10% w/w chloroform fraction ointment revealed a high percentage of wound contraction and reduced period of epithelialization (p <0.01). Chloroform fraction was also found to be the most active fraction, which demonstrated the maximum percentage inhibition of edema (52.50%; p <0.01) and transudative and proliferative component of chronic inflammation (37.52 and 52.81%; p <0.01), which was comparable to indomethacin. CONCLUSION Data obtained from this study collectively indicated that a chloroform fraction of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera possessed significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklie Mengie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mequanente
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Nigussie
- Vaccines and Diagnostic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Legesse
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chaudhari BB, Bali A, Balaini A. Design and Synthesis of Novel Anti-inflammatory/Anti-ulcer Hybrid Molecules with Antioxidant Activity. Med Chem 2021; 17:994-1006. [PMID: 32998679 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200930114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSAIDs are the most widely prescribed medications worldwide for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. However, their chronic use can lead to several adverse drug events including GI toxicity. The selective COX-2 inhibitors developed as gastrosparing NSAIDs also suffer from serious adverse effects which limit their efficacy. OBJECTIVE Local generation of reactive oxygen species is implicated in NSAID-mediated gastric ulceration and their combination with H2 antagonists like famotidine reduces the risk of ulcers. The objective of this work was to design and synthesize novel methanesulphonamido isoxazole derivatives by hybridizing the structural features of NSAIDs with those of antiulcer drugs (ranitidine, famotidine, etc.) to utilize a dual combination of anti-inflammatory activity and reducing (antioxidant) potential. METHODS The designing process utilized three dimensional similarity studies and utilized an isoxazole core having a potential for anti-inflammatory as well as radical scavenging antioxidant activity. The compounds were assayed for their anti-inflammatory activity in established in vivo models. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed in potassium ferricyanide reducing power (PFRAP) assay employing ascorbic acid as the standard drug. RESULTS Compounds 5, 6, 9 and 10 showed antiinflammatory activity comparable to the standard drugs and were also found to be non-ulcerogenic at the test doses. Compounds 6-10 exhibited good antioxidant effect in the concentration range of 1.0- 50.0 μmol/ml. The test compounds were also found to comply with the Lipinski rule suggesting good oral absorption. CONCLUSION A new series of isoxazole based compounds is being reported with good antiinflammatory activity coupled with antioxidant potential as gastro-sparing anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Bahadur Chaudhari
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alka Bali
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ajitesh Balaini
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Phumsuay R, Muangnoi C, Dasuni Wasana PW, Hasriadi, Vajragupta O, Rojsitthisak P, Towiwat P. Molecular Insight into the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Curcumin Ester Prodrug Curcumin Diglutaric Acid In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5700. [PMID: 32784830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin diglutaric acid (CurDG), an ester prodrug of curcumin, has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent due to its improved solubility and stability. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of CurDG were evaluated. The effects of CurDG on inflammatory mediators were evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CurDG reduced the increased levels of NO, IL-6, and TNF- α, as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in cells to a greater extent than those of curcumin, along with the potent inhibition of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) activity. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in vivo by employing a carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. Oral administration of CurDG demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner in mice. The effects were significantly higher compared to those of curcumin at the corresponding doses (p < 0.05). Moreover, 25 mg/kg curcumin did not exert a significant anti-inflammatory effect for the overall time course as indicated by the area under the curve data, while the equimolar dose of CurDG produced significant anti-inflammatory effects comparable with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg curcumin (p < 0.05). Similarly, CurDG significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokine expression in paw edema tissues compared to curcumin (p < 0.05). These results provide the first experimental evidence for CurDG as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
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Benattia FK, Arrar Z, Dergal F, Khabbal Y. Pharmaco-Analytical Study and Phytochemical Profile of Hydroethanolic Extract of Algerian Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica.L). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:696-706. [PMID: 31258077 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190620113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Opuntia ficus-indica" (prickly pear) is the cactus member of the Cactaceae family as an important nutrient and food source. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extract of prickly pear seeds that cause therapeutic effects. METHODS Phytochemical screening based on simple tests and determination of secondary metabolites were performed by High-Performance Liquid with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. For the pharmacological studies, the anti-inflammatory activity in rats was evaluated by carrageenaninduced inflammation, the description of the sedative activity was carried to the following behavioural tests, and the analgesic effect of the extract was assessed by the resistance induced by acetic acid, and the tail immersion test in mice. RESULTS The test drug at 500 mg/kg dose showed a significant increase in mean latency in the TAIL FLICK test, and a decrease in the average number of twisting movements in the KOSTER test, thus, a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the pattern of paw edema induced by carrageenan, and an important sedative effect on the central nervous system. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the seeds of the cactus "Opuntia ficus-indica" could be a potential source of natural compound and reveal that the hydroethanolic extract of this species is a promising source, as well as a therapeutic agent for the research of new natural active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah K Benattia
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Analysis (COSNA), University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119 Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Zoheir Arrar
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Analysis (COSNA), University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119 Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Fayçal Dergal
- Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physico-Chemical Analysis (C.R.A.P.C) BP 384, Industrial Zone Bou-Ismail PO Box 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Youssef Khabbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Ibn Zohr BP 32/S, PO Box 80000 Agadir, Morocco
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Karim N, Khan I, Khan W, Khan I, Khan A, Halim SA, Khan H, Hussain J, Al-Harrasi A. Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Asparacosin A Involve Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 and Inflammatory Cytokines Inhibition: An in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico Approach. Front Immunol 2019; 10:581. [PMID: 30972073 PMCID: PMC6443962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. In this study anti-inflammatory activities of Asparacosin A were evaluated' using in-vitro cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/2) inhibition assays. Moreover, anti-nociceptive activities were assessed in-vivo by carrageenan-induced paw edema test, xylene-induced ear edema tests, and acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests. Additionally molecular docking was conducted to elucidate the binding mechanism of the compound and to correlate the in-vitro findings with the in-silico data. Oral administration of Asparacosin A at the doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg induced significant anti-inflammatory effects (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner in both models. Asparacosin A also inhibited the human recombinant COX-2 enzyme and caused a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2 in the carrageenan-induced paws. Moreover, Asparacosin A displayed significant anti-nociceptive effects (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) at the doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg in acetic-acid induced writhing test. However, in formalin test, Asparacosin A (10–40 mg/kg, p.o) produced anti-nociceptive effects only in the late phase, similar to the effect observed with the reference drug celecoxib (50 mg/kg, p.o). Molecular docking was carried out on both COX-1 and COX-2 structures which revealed that Asparacosin A targets allosteric binding site similar to the binding mode of the selective COX inhibitor. In conclusion, Asparacosin A exhibits anti-inflammatory and peripheral anti-nociceptive activities which are likely mediated via inhibition of COX-2 enzyme and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Asparacosin A can serve as a model to obtain new and more selective potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Inamullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Hizbullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Zlatanova H, Vladimirova S, Kostadinov I, Bijev AT. In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2-[3-Acetyl- 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylsulfanylbutyric Acid. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2018; 60:270-274. [PMID: 30355818 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persisting inflammatory stimuli cause chronic inflammation recognized as the major factor contributing to the development of a number of diseases. One group of drugs used in the treatment of chronic inflammation is the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, more specifically, the selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs). However, most of the coxibs were withdrawn from the market in view of their safety profile. In the present study, 2-[3-Acetyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylsulfanyl-butyric acid (compound 3e), an Npyrrolylcarboxylic acid derivative structurally related to celecoxib, is evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity after single and multiple (14 days) administration using an animal inflammation model. AIM To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of 2-[3-Acetyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylsulfanyl-butyric acid (compound 3e) after single and multiple (14 days) administration using an animal inflammation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups (n=8) treated with saline (controls), diclofenac (25 mg/kg b.w.), compound 3e (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. The volume of the right hind paw of the animals of all groups is measured prior to treatment and two, three and four hours after administration of carrageenan using a plethysmometer (Ugo Basile, Italy). The percentage of paw edema is calculated using the Trinus formula. RESULTS In a single administration, compound 3e in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. did not inhibit paw edema, while a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema at 2 hours in comparison with the control group. After continuous administration, compound 3e in doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w. significantly reduced paw edema at 2, 3, and 4 hours compared to animals treated with saline. CONCLUSIONS Compound 3e shows anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of diclofenac after continuous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Zlatanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava Vladimirova
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Fuels, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilia Kostadinov
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas T Bijev
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Fuels, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kim J, Kim H, Choi H, Jo A, Kang H, Yun H, Im S, Choi C. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Stauntonia hexaphylla Fruit Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW-264.7 Macrophages and Rats by Carrageenan-Induced Hind Paw Swelling. Nutrients 2018; 10:E110. [PMID: 29361789 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Stauntonia hexaphylla is commonly used as a traditional anthelmintic in Korea, Japan, and China. However, its anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying mechanisms have not been studied systematically. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract of S. hexaphylla fruit (SHF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The SHF extract contained anti-inflammatory compounds, such as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid. The extract inhibited protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the activity of cyclooxygenase enzyme, with concomitant reductions in the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the SHF extract reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The SHF extract attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by decreasing the phosphorylation of its inhibitor, IκBα. Furthermore, the SHF extract showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect in vivo by reducing the volume of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Our results suggest that the SHF extract exerts potential anti-inflammatory properties against LPS-activated RAW 254.7 cells, and in an animal model of inflammation.
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Wang XR, Gao SQ, Niu XQ, Li LJ, Ying XY, Hu ZJ, Gao JQ. Capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers for topical application: design, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3881-3898. [PMID: 28579775 PMCID: PMC5446972 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin has been used in clinical applications for the treatment of pain disorders and inflammatory diseases. Given the strong pungency and high oil/water partition coefficient of capsaicin, capsaicin-loaded nanolipoidal carriers (NLCs) were designed to increase permeation and achieve the analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect with lower skin irritation. Capsaicin-loaded NLCs were prepared and later optimized by the Box–Behnken design. The physicochemical characterizations, morphology, and encapsulation of the capsaicin-loaded NLCs were subsequently confirmed. Capsaicin-loaded NLCs and capsaicin-loaded NLCs gel exhibited sustained release and no cytotoxicity properties. Also, they could significantly enhance the penetration amount, permeation flux, and skin retention amounts of capsaicin due to the application of NLCs. To study the topical permeation mechanism of capsaicin, 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (Dio) was used as a fluorescent dye. Dio-loaded NLCs and Dio-loaded NLCs gel could effectively deliver Dio up to a skin depth of 260 and 210 μm, respectively, primarily through the appendage route on the basis of version skin sections compared with Dio solution, which only delivered Dio up to 150 μm. In vivo therapeutic experiments demonstrated that capsaicin-loaded NLCs and capsaicin-loaded NLCs gel could improve the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner and inhibit inflammation, primarily by reducing the prostaglandin E2 levels in the tissue compared with capsaicin cream and capsaicin solution. Meanwhile, skin irritation was reduced, indicating that application of NLCs could decrease the irritation caused by capsaicin. Overall, NLCs may be a potential carrier for topical delivery of capsaicin for useful pain and inflammation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Rong Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Si-Qian Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Xiao-Qian Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Long-Jian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Zhong-Jie Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for New-Type External and Transdermal Preparations, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Lee E, Kim SG, Park NY, Park HH, Jeong KT, Choi J, Lee IH, Lee H, Lee E. Anti-inflammatory Effects of KOTMIN13: A Mixed Herbal Medicine in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Mouse Edema Models. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:216-221. [PMID: 28539710 PMCID: PMC5421415 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.204548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Korean herbal medicine, KOTMIN13, composed of Inula japonica Thunberg, Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz var. japonica kitamura, Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, and Allium macrostemon Bge, has been used for anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic treatment in oriental clinics, but its activity has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of KOTMIN13 for in vitro study, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to induce the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and its mechanisms. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorobol-13 aceate (TPA)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema models were also used to evaluate the effect of KOTMIN13 on acute inflammation in vivo. RESULTS KOTMIN13 reduced the release of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6] and the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed the attenuation of LPS-induced NF-κB activation by KOTMIN13 via IκBα degradation abrogation and a subsequent decrease in nuclear p65 levels. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) was also suppressed. Furthermore, KOTMIN13 ameliorated the development of TPA-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in acute inflammatory edema mouse models. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that KOTMIN13 inhibits inflammatory mediators through the inhibitions of NF-κB and MAPK activities in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, as well as acute inflammation in edema models, indicating that KOTMIN13 is an effective suppressor for anti-inflammatory activities. SUMMARY KOTMIN13 decrease the production of No, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-∝, IL-1β,IL-6).KOTMIN13 Suppressed the degradation of NF-kβ and IKβα and the phosorylation of MAP Kinases.Topical application of KOTMIN13 reduced mouse ear edema.Oral administration of KOTMIN13 decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema. Abbreviations used: NO: nitric oxide; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; iNOS: inducible NO synthase; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: interleukin; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappaB; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; ERK: extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK: c-jun N terminal kinase; TPA: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Lee
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Gun Kim
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Park
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Hyun Park
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Jeong
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hae Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwadong Lee
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Research and Development Division, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Singh S, Kumar R, Jain H, Gupta YK. Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 (a polyherbal unani formulation) in Wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:188-92. [PMID: 25829793 PMCID: PMC4357970 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.150515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: UNIM-301 is a polyherbal formulation used in the Unani system of medicine for the treatment of joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 in carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of UNIM-301 was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and CFA induced animal arthritis models, respectively, in doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory activity of UNIM-301 was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model using a digital plethysmometer. Anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using CFA induced arthritis, and joint sizes were measured at regular intervals using a micrometer screw gauge. Serum was collected and subjected to estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Indomethacin 3 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug in both the models. The acute and chronic toxicity study was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. Results: UNIM-301 treatment produced a dose-dependent reduction in paw edema and paw thickness in carrageenan-induced paw edema and CFA-induced arthritis, respectively, as compared to control. UNIM 301 also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator in a dose-dependent manner as compared to control. Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of UNIM-301, which might be accredited to inhibitory activity on pro-inflammatory cytokines to its various individual constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hitesh Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Y K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Reza HM, Shohel M, Aziz SB, Pinaz FI, Uddin MF, Al-Amin M, Khan IN, Jain P. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Ethanol Extract of Cissampelos pareira. Indian J Pharm Sci 2014; 76:455-8. [PMID: 25425762 PMCID: PMC4243265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ethanol extract of Cissampelos pareira has been evaluated. The extract was tested for analgesic properties using both hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. Antiinflammatory effect was investigated using two different doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight on Evans rats by carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The antipyretic activity was evaluated using Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. The phytochemical screening of the extract of Cissampelos pareira exhibited the presence of several phytochemical compounds including saponins, gums and carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids and terpenoids. Ethanol extract of Cissampelos pareira exhibited significant analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained from these studies confirm its therapeutic value against diseases caused by various pain and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Address for correspondence E-mail:
| | - M. Shohel
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia B. Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana I. Pinaz
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. F. Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - I. N. Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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