1
|
Yuan C, Chen Q, Li Z, Zhang J, Liu C. Study on the Regeneration of Waste FCC Catalyst by Boron Modification. Molecules 2024; 29:962. [PMID: 38474475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration has been considered as an ideal way for the post-treatment of waste FCC catalyst (ECat). In this work, the degeneration mechanism of ECat was firstly researched and attributed to the increasing of strong acid sites accessibility of ECat in contrast with fresh FCC catalyst by adsorption FTIR. Based on the proposed degeneration mechanism, ECat was successfully regenerated through suitable weakening for strong acid sites by boron modification. Characterization and evaluation results suggested that, the strong acid sites of regenerated ECat (R-ECat) were apparently decreased by boron modification which had significantly improve the heavy oil catalytic cracking performance of R-ECat. Because of the excellent performance, R-ECat in this work could successfully substitute for partial fresh FCC catalyst in FCC unit, which would provide a practicable way for the reutilization of ECat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Shanxi Tengmao Technology Co., Ltd., Hejin 043300, China
| | - Zhongfu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Conghua Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao S, Yuan H, Zhou H. Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes by catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil model compound over Ni-Cu/Al-KCC-1. Environ Technol 2023; 44:1959-1972. [PMID: 34890518 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2017490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ni-Cu/Al-KCC-1 catalysts with different metal contents were prepared using fibrous nano-silica (Al-KCC-1) as a support. Field emission scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the spherical particle morphology and fibrous structure of the Al-KCC-1 were not changed after metal loading. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that the introduction of copper improved the dispersion of the nickel, while X-ray diffraction and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction confirmed the formation of a Ni-Cu alloy. The N2-Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas of the catalysts were in the range of 269-378 m2/g and the average pore diameters were 7.988-12.078 nm. These Ni-Cu/Al-KCC-1 catalysts were used to promote the cracking of waste cooking oil model compound (WCOMC) to produce H2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the 10 wt% Ni-5 wt% Cu/Al-KCC-1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. At a WCOMC flow rate of 0.04 mL/min and 750 °C, the instantaneous volume fraction of H2 reached 49.8 vol% and the content of H2 in the gaseous product was close to 71.4 vol%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission Chemical Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun MH, Gao SS, Hu ZY, Barakat T, Liu Z, Yu S, Lyu JM, Li Y, Xu ST, Chen LH, Su BL. Boosting molecular diffusion following the generalized Murray's Law by constructing hierarchical zeolites for maximized catalytic activity. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac236. [PMID: 36632521 PMCID: PMC9828477 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is an extremely critical step in zeolite catalysis that determines the catalytic performance, in particular for the conversion of bulky molecules. Introducing interconnected mesopores and macropores into a single microporous zeolite with the rationalized pore size at each level is an effective strategy to suppress the diffusion limitations, but remains highly challenging due to the lack of rational design principles. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of boosting molecular diffusion by constructing hierarchical Murray zeolites with a highly ordered and fully interconnected macro-meso-microporous structure on the basis of the generalized Murray's Law. Such a hierarchical Murray zeolite with a refined quantitative relationship between the pore size at each length scale exhibited 9 and 5 times higher effective diffusion rates, leading to 2.5 and 1.5 times higher catalytic performance in the bulky 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene cracking reaction than those of microporous ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 nanocrystals, respectively. The concept of hierarchical Murray zeolites with optimized structural features and their design principles could be applied to other catalytic reactions for maximized performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhi-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,Nanostructure Research Centre, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tarek Barakat
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia-Min Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shu-Tao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan C, Li Z, Zhou L, Ju G. Synthesis of Si-Modified Pseudo-Boehmite@kaolin Composite and Its Application as a Novel Matrix Material for FCC Catalyst. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2169. [PMID: 35329619 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) has been the primary processing technology for heavy oil. Due to the inferior properties of heavy oil, an excellent performance is demanded of FCC catalysts. In this work, based on the acid extracting method, Si-modified pseudo-boehmite units (Si-PB) are constructed in situ and introduced into the structure of kaolin to synthesize a Si-PB@kaolin composite. The synthesized Si-PB@kaolin is further characterized and used as a matrix material for the FCC catalyst. The results indicate that, compared with a conventional kaolin matrix, a Si-PB@kaolin composite could significantly improve the heavy oil catalytic cracking performance of the prepared FCC catalyst because of its excellent properties, such as a larger surface area, a higher pore volume, and a good surface acidity. For the fresh FCC catalysts, compared with the FCC catalysts using conventional kaolin (Cat-1), the gasoline yield and total liquid yield of the catalyst containing Si-PB@kaolin (Cat-2) could obviously increase by 2.06% and 1.55%, respectively, with the bottom yield decreasing by 2.64%. After vanadium and nickel contamination, compared with Cat-1, the gasoline yield and total liquid yield of Cat-2 could increase by 1.97% and 1.24%, respectively, with the bottom yield decreasing by 1.80 percentage points.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai W, Zhang L, Liu R, Wu G, Guan N, Li L. Plate-Like ZSM-5 Zeolites as Robust Catalysts for the Cracking of Hydrocarbons. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11415-11424. [PMID: 35226463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites with good acid site accessibility and high diffusion rates are highly desirable catalysts, especially when dealing with bulk molecules. In this work, ZSM-5 zeolites with similar Si/Al ratios but different thicknesses along the b-axis (from ∼30 nm to ∼5 μm), namely, two plate-like ZSM-5 zeolites and two reference zeolites have been prepared and the impacts of b-axis thickness on the surface properties and catalytic cracking performances are explored. Comprehensive physiochemical studies demonstrate that reducing the b-axis thickness of the zeolite crystals endows the samples with better acid site accessibility and more external surface acid sites. Two model compounds with different molecule sizes, namely, 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB) and cumene, are selected to explore the catalytic cracking performances of the as-synthesized samples. The results reveal that decreasing the b-axis thickness of zeolite crystals can effectually promote the catalytic activity and stability in catalytic cracking reactions. For TIPB cracking, the greatly enhanced catalytic activity is ascribed to the enhanced acid site accessibility in plate-like ZSM-5 zeolites, and for cumene cracking, the improved catalytic stability is ascribed to the shortened diffusion length of plate-like zeolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijiong Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Runze Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Naijia Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Landong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morales I, Muñoz M, Costa CS, Alonso JM, Silva JM, Multigner M, Quijorna M, Ribeiro MR, de la Presa P. Induction Heating in Nanoparticle Impregnated Zeolite. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4013. [PMID: 32927796 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ultra-stable Y (H-USY) zeolite is used as catalyst for the conversion of plastic feedstocks into high added value products through catalytic cracking technologies. However, the energy requirements associated with these processes are still high. On the other hand, induction heating by magnetic nanoparticles has been exploited for different applications such as cancer treatment by magnetic hyperthermia, improving of water electrolysis and many other heterogeneous catalytic processes. In this work, the heating efficiency of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle impregnated zeolites is investigated in order to determine the potential application of this system in catalytic reactions promoted by acid catalyst centers under inductive heating. The γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle impregnated zeolite has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, ammonia temperature program desorption (NH3-TPD), H2 absorption, thermogravimetry and dc and ac-magnetometry. It is observed that the diffusion of the magnetic nanoparticles in the pores of the zeolite is possible due to a combined micro and mesoporous structure and, even when fixed in a solid matrix, they are capable of releasing heat as efficiently as in a colloidal suspension. This opens up the possibility of exploring the application at higher temperatures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu D, Wang L, Fan D, Yan N, Huang S, Xu S, Guo P, Yang M, Zhang J, Tian P, Liu Z. A Bottom-Up Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Siliceous Faujasite-Type Zeolite. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000272. [PMID: 32430991 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-silica zeolite Y is a desired catalytic material for oil refining and the petrochemical industry. However, its direct synthesis remains a symbolic challenge in the field of zeolite synthesis, with a limited improvement of the framework SiO2 /Al2 O3 ratio (SAR) from ≈5 to 9 over the past 60 years. Here, the synthesis of highly siliceous zeolite Y with tunable SAR up to 15.6 through a cooperative strategy is reported, which involves the use of FAU nuclei, a bulky organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), and a gel system with low alkalinity (named NOA-co strategy). A series of quaternary alkylammonium ions is discovered as effective OSDAs based on the NOA-co strategy, and the relevant crystallization mechanism is elucidated. Moreover, the high-silica products are demonstrated to have greatly improved (hydro)thermal stability, high concentration of strong acid sites, and uniform acid distribution, which lead to superior catalytic performance in the cracking of bulky hydrocarbons. It is anticipated that this synthetic strategy will benefit the synthesis and development of zeolitic catalysts in a wide range of reaction processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dong Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Nana Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Huang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Machoke AGF, Apeleo Zubiri B, Leonhardt R, Marthala VRR, Schmiele M, Unruh T, Hartmann M, Spiecker E, Schwieger W. Densification of Silica Spheres: A New Pathway to Nano-Dimensioned Zeolite-Based Catalysts. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized materials are expected to play a unique role in the development of future catalytic processes. Herein, pre-prepared and geometrically well-defined amorphous silica spheres are densified into silica-rich zeolites with nanosized dimensions. After the densification, the obtained nanosized zeolites exhibit the same spherical morphology like the starting precursor but characterized by a drastically reduced size, higher density, and high crystallinity. The phase transformation into crystalline zeolite material and the densification effect are achieved through a well-controlled steam-assisted treatment of the larger precursor particles so that the transformation process proceeds always towards the center of the spheres, just like a shrinking process. Furthermore, this procedure is applicable also to commercially available silica particles, as well as aluminum-containing systems (precursors) leading to acidic nano-catalysts with improved catalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gonche Fortunatus Machoke
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Leonhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schmiele
- Lehrstuhl für Kristallografie und Strukturphysik, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Lehrstuhl für Kristallografie und Strukturphysik, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdman Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Zeolites are aluminosilicate solids bearing a negatively charged honeycomb framework of micropores into which molecules may be adsorbed for environmental decontamination, and to catalyse chemical reactions. They are central to green-chemistry since the necessity for organic solvents is minimised. Proton-exchanged (H) zeolites are extensively employed in the petrochemical industry for cracking crude oil fractions into fuels and chemical feedstocks for other industrial processes. Due to their ability to perform cation-exchange, in which the cations that are originally present to counterbalance the framework negative charge may be exchanged out of the zeolite by cations present in aqueous solution, zeolites are useful as industrial water-softeners, in the removal of radioactive Cs+ and Sr2+ cations from liquid nuclear waste and in the removal of toxic heavy metal cations from groundwaters and run-off waters. Surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) find particular application in the co-removal of both toxic anions and organic pollutants. Toxic anions such as arsenite, arsenate, chromate, cyanide and radioactive iodide can also be removed by adsorption into zeolites that have been previously loaded with co-precipitating metal cations such as Ag+ and Pb2+ which form practically insoluble complexes that are contained within the zeolite matrix.
Collapse
|