1
|
Pirooz P, Amooaghaie R, Bakhtiari S. Interactive effect of silicon and nitric oxide effectively contracts copper toxicity in Salvia officinalis L. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2023; 25:1801-1809. [PMID: 37038608 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2199875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Excess copper (Cu) causes the toxic effects in plants and health hazards to humans. Therefore, in this study, the effect of sodium silicate (1 mM Si) and sodium nitroprusside (200 µM SNP as a releasing NO), was assessed on Cu tolerance in Salvia officinalis L. plants exposed to 400 µM CuSO4. Results revealed that the combined supplementation with Si and SNP rather than the single application of these chemicals lowered Cu concentrations and translocation factor and increased Mg, Zn, and Fe concentrations in roots and shoots. Furthermore, combined treatment more efficiently decreased electrolyte leakage enhanced the activities of POD and APX in the leaves and roots, and improved relative water content and the content of Chl. a and Chl. b in leaves and consequently further increased tolerance index. Silicon supply enhanced NO content and applying Si + SNP more than the treatment of Si alone increased Si concentrations in the roots and shoots under Cu stress. Therefore, the reciprocal interaction of Si and NO might enhance Cu tolerance in plants, and the combined application of Si and SNP might be a promising strategy to decrease heavy metal accumulation in medicinal plants grown in polluted lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pirooz
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Environment and Civil Engineering Department, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Espinoza‐Corral R, Schwenkert S, Schneider A. Characterization of the preferred cation cofactors of chloroplast protein kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:511-518. [PMID: 36683405 PMCID: PMC9989932 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts sense a variety of stimuli triggering several acclimation responses. One prominent response is the mechanism of state transitions, which enables rapid adaption to changes in illumination. Here, we investigated the link between divalent cations (calcium, magnesium, and manganese) and protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Our results show that manganese ions are the strongest activator of kinase activity in chloroplasts followed by magnesium ions, whereas calcium ions are not able to induce kinase activity. Additionally, the phosphorylation of specific protein bands is strongly reduced in chloroplasts of a cmt1 mutant, which is impaired in manganese import into chloroplasts, as compared to the wild-type. These findings provide insights for the future characterization of chloroplast protein kinase activity and potential target proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilians University MunichPlaneggGermany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig Maximilians University MunichPlaneggGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albacar M, Sacka L, Calafí C, Velázquez D, Casamayor A, Ariño J, Zimmermannova O. The Toxic Effects of Ppz1 Overexpression Involve Nha1-Mediated Deregulation of K + and H + Homeostasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1010. [PMID: 34946993 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the fine-tuned balance of phospho/dephosphorylation reactions in the cell often results in functional disturbance. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the overexpression of Ser/Thr phosphatase Ppz1 drastically blocks cell proliferation, with a profound change in the transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic profiles. While the deleterious effect on growth likely derives from the alteration of multiple targets, the precise mechanisms are still obscure. Ppz1 is a negative effector of potassium influx. However, we show that the toxic effect of Ppz1 overexpression is unrelated to the Trk1/2 high-affinity potassium importers. Cells overexpressing Ppz1 exhibit decreased K+ content, increased cytosolic acidification, and fail to properly acidify the medium. These effects, as well as the growth defect, are counteracted by the deletion of NHA1 gene, which encodes a plasma membrane Na+, K+/H+ antiporter. The beneficial effect of a lack of Nha1 on the growth vanishes as the pH of the medium approaches neutrality, is not eliminated by the expression of two non-functional Nha1 variants (D145N or D177N), and is exacerbated by a hyperactive Nha1 version (S481A). All our results show that high levels of Ppz1 overactivate Nha1, leading to an excessive entry of H+ and efflux of K+, which is detrimental for growth.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Araújo HL, Martins BP, Vicente AM, Lorenzetti APR, Koide T, Marques MV. Cold Regulation of Genes Encoding Ion Transport Systems in the Oligotrophic Bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0071021. [PMID: 34479415 PMCID: PMC8552747 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00710-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the response of the free-living oligotrophic alphaproteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus to low temperatures by global transcriptomic analysis. Our results showed that 656 genes were upregulated and 619 were downregulated at least 2-fold after a temperature downshift. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEG) belong to several functional categories, notably inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and a subset of these genes had their expression confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Several genes belonging to the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) regulon were downregulated, indicating that iron homeostasis is relevant for adaptation to cold. Several upregulated genes encode proteins that interact with nucleic acids, particularly RNA: cspA, cspB, and the DEAD box RNA helicases rhlE, dbpA, and rhlB. Moreover, 31 small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including the cell cycle-regulated noncoding RNA (ncRNA) CcnA, were upregulated, indicating that posttranscriptional regulation is important for the cold stress response. Interestingly, several genes related to transport were upregulated under cold stress, including three AcrB-like cation/multidrug efflux pumps, the nitrate/nitrite transport system, and the potassium transport genes kdpFABC. Further characterization showed that kdpA is upregulated in a potassium-limited medium and at a low temperature in a SigT-independent way. kdpA mRNA is less stable in rho and rhlE mutant strains, but while the expression is positively regulated by RhlE, it is negatively regulated by Rho. A kdpA-deleted strain was generated, and its viability in response to osmotic, acidic, or cold stresses was determined. The implications of such variation in the gene expression for cold adaptation are discussed. IMPORTANCE Low-temperature stress is an important factor for nucleic acid stability and must be circumvented in order to maintain the basic cell processes, such as transcription and translation. The oligotrophic lifestyle presents further challenges to ensure the proper nutrient uptake and osmotic balance in an environment of slow nutrient flow. Here, we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, the expression of the genes involved in cation transport and homeostasis is altered in response to cold, which could lead to a decrease in iron uptake and an increase in nitrogen and high-affinity potassium transport by the Kdp system. This previously uncharacterized regulation of the Kdp transporter has revealed a new mechanism for adaptation to low temperatures that may be relevant for oligotrophic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo L. de Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca P. Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Vicente
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan P. R. Lorenzetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tie Koide
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marilis V. Marques
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gundlach J, Krüger L, Herzberg C, Turdiev A, Poehlein A, Tascón I, Weiss M, Hertel D, Daniel R, Hänelt I, Lee VT, Stülke J. Sustained sensing in potassium homeostasis: Cyclic di-AMP controls potassium uptake by KimA at the levels of expression and activity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9605-9614. [PMID: 31061098 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling nucleotide cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is the only known essential second messenger in bacteria. Recently, c-di-AMP has been identified as being essential for controlling potassium uptake in the model organism Bacillus subtilis and several other bacteria. A B. subtilis strain lacking c-di-AMP is not viable at high potassium concentrations, unless the bacteria acquire suppressor mutations. In this study, we isolated such suppressor mutants and found mutations that reduced the activities of the potassium transporters KtrCD and KimA. Although c-di-AMP-mediated control of KtrCD has previously been demonstrated, it is unknown how c-di-AMP affects KimA activity. Using the DRaCALA screening assay, we tested for any interactions of KimA and other potential target proteins in B. subtilis with c-di-AMP. This assay identified KimA, as well as the K+/H+ antiporter KhtT, the potassium exporter CpaA (YjbQ), the osmoprotectant transporter subunit OpuCA, the primary Mg2+ importer MgtE, and DarB (YkuL), a protein of unknown function, as bona fide c-di-AMP-binding proteins. Further, binding of c-di-AMP to KimA inhibited potassium uptake. Our results indicate that c-di-AMP controls KimA-mediated potassium transport at both kimA gene expression and KimA activity levels. Moreover, the discovery that potassium exporters are c-di-AMP targets indicates that this second messenger controls potassium homeostasis in B. subtilis at a global level by binding to riboswitches and to different classes of transport proteins involved in potassium uptake and export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gundlach
- From the Departments of General Microbiology and
| | | | | | - Asan Turdiev
- the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and
| | - Igor Tascón
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- From the Departments of General Microbiology and
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- the Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and
| | - Inga Hänelt
- the Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vincent T Lee
- the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and
| | - Jörg Stülke
- From the Departments of General Microbiology and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ariño J, Ramos J, Sychrova H. Monovalent cation transporters at the plasma membrane in yeasts. Yeast 2018; 36:177-193. [PMID: 30193006 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proper intracellular concentrations of monovalent cations, mainly sodium and potassium, is a requirement for survival of any cell. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, monovalent cation homeostasis is determined by the active extrusion of protons through the Pma1 H+ -ATPase (reviewed in another chapter of this issue), the influx and efflux of these cations through the plasma membrane transporters (reviewed in this chapter), and the sequestration of toxic cations into the vacuoles. Here, we will describe the structure, function, and regulation of the plasma membrane transporters Trk1, Trk2, Tok1, Nha1, and Ena1, which play a key role in maintaining physiological intracellular concentrations of Na+ , K+ , and H+ , both under normal growth conditions and in response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ariño
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Hana Sychrova
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen YL, Lehman VN, Lewit Y, Averette AF, Heitman J. Calcineurin governs thermotolerance and virulence of Cryptococcus gattii. G3 (Bethesda) 2013; 3:527-39. [PMID: 23450261 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus gattii, which is causing an outbreak in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, causes life-threatening pulmonary infections and meningoencephalitis in healthy individuals, unlike Cryptococcus neoformans, which commonly infects immunocompromised patients. In addition to a greater predilection for C. gattii to infect healthy hosts, the C. gattii genome sequence project revealed extensive chromosomal rearrangements compared with C. neoformans, showing genomic differences between the two Cryptococcus species. We investigated the roles of C. gattii calcineurin in three molecular types: VGIIa (R265), VGIIb (R272), and VGI (WM276). We found that calcineurin exhibits a differential requirement for growth on solid medium at 37°, as calcineurin mutants generated from R265 were more thermotolerant than mutants from R272 and WM276. We demonstrated that tolerance to calcineurin inhibitors (FK506, CsA) at 37° is linked with the VGIIa molecular type. The calcineurin mutants from the R272 background showed the most extensive growth and morphological defects (multivesicle and larger ring-like cells), as well as increased fluconazole susceptibility. Our cellular architecture examination showed that C. gattii and C. neoformans calcineurin mutants exhibit plasma membrane disruptions. Calcineurin in the C. gattii VGII molecular type plays a greater role in controlling cation homeostasis compared with that in C. gattii VGI and C. neoformans H99. Importantly, we demonstrate that C. gattii calcineurin is essential for virulence in a murine inhalation model, supporting C. gattii calcineurin as an attractive antifungal drug target.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chanroj S, Wang G, Venema K, Zhang MW, Delwiche CF, Sze H. Conserved and diversified gene families of monovalent cation/h(+) antiporters from algae to flowering plants. Front Plant Sci 2012; 3:25. [PMID: 22639643 PMCID: PMC3355601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
All organisms have evolved strategies to regulate ion and pH homeostasis in response to developmental and environmental cues. One strategy is mediated by monovalent cation-proton antiporters (CPA) that are classified in two superfamilies. Many CPA1 genes from bacteria, fungi, metazoa, and plants have been functionally characterized; though roles of plant CPA2 genes encoding K(+)-efflux antiporter (KEA) and cation/H(+) exchanger (CHX) families are largely unknown. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three clades of the CPA1 Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHX) family have been conserved from single-celled algae to Arabidopsis. These are (i) plasma membrane-bound SOS1/AtNHX7 that share ancestry with prokaryote NhaP, (ii) endosomal AtNHX5/6 that is part of the eukaryote Intracellular-NHE clade, and (iii) a vacuolar NHX clade (AtNHX1-4) specific to plants. Early diversification of KEA genes possibly from an ancestral cyanobacterium gene is suggested by three types seen in all plants. Intriguingly, CHX genes diversified from three to four members in one subclade of early land plants to 28 genes in eight subclades of Arabidopsis. Homologs from Spirogyra or Physcomitrella share high similarity with AtCHX20, suggesting that guard cell-specific AtCHX20 and its closest relatives are founders of the family, and pollen-expressed CHX genes appeared later in monocots and early eudicots. AtCHX proteins mediate K(+) transport and pH homeostasis, and have been localized to intracellular and plasma membrane. Thus KEA genes are conserved from green algae to angiosperms, and their presence in red algae and secondary endosymbionts suggest a role in plastids. In contrast, AtNHX1-4 subtype evolved in plant cells to handle ion homeostasis of vacuoles. The great diversity of CHX genes in land plants compared to metazoa, fungi, or algae would imply a significant role of ion and pH homeostasis at dynamic endomembranes in the vegetative and reproductive success of flowering plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salil Chanroj
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Kees Venema
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Muren Warren Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Charles F. Delwiche
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Heven Sze, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Maryland, Bioscience Research Building # 413, College Park, MD 20742, USA. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|