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Gryga M, Ciprian D, Hlubina P. Distributed Bragg Reflectors Employed in Sensors and Filters Based on Cavity-Mode Spectral-Domain Resonances. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3627. [PMID: 35632032 DOI: 10.3390/s22103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spectral-domain resonances for cavities formed by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We model the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the cavity at the normal incidence of light when DBRs are represented by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) comprising six bilayers of TiO2/SiO2 with a termination layer of TiO2. Using a new approach based on the reference reflectance, we model the reflectance ratio as a function of both the cavity thickness and its refractive index (RI) and show that narrow dips within the 1DPhC band gap can easily be resolved. We revealed that the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are as high as 610 nm/RIU and 938 RIU−1, respectively. The transmittance spectra include narrow peaks within the 1DPhC band gap and their amplitude and spacing depend on the cavity’s thickness. We experimentally demonstrated the sensitivity to variations of relative humidity (RH) of moist air and FOM as high as 0.156 nm/%RH and 0.047 %RH−1, respectively. In addition, we show that, due to the transmittance spectra, the DBRs with air cavity can be employed as spectral filters, and this is demonstrated for two LED sources for which their spectra are filtered at wavelengths 680 nm and 780 nm, respectively, to widths as narrow as 2.3 nm. The DBR-based resonators, thus, represent an effective alternative to both sensors and optical filters, with advantages including the normal incidence of light and narrow-spectral-width resonances.
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Plikusienė I, Bužavaitė-Vertelienė E, Mačiulis V, Valavičius A, Ramanavičienė A, Balevičius Z. Application of Tamm Plasmon Polaritons and Cavity Modes for Biosensing in the Combined Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11120501. [PMID: 34940258 PMCID: PMC8699563 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost 1D plasmonic photonic structures supporting Tamm plasmon polaritons and cavity modes were employed for optical signal enhancement, modifying the commercially available quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) sensor chip in a combinatorial spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz microbalance method. The Tamm plasmon optical state and cavity mode (CM) for the modified mQCM-D sample obtained sensitivity of ellipsometric parameters to RIU of ΨTPP = 126.78 RIU-1 and ΔTPP = 325 RIU-1, and ΨCM = 264 RIU-1 and ΔCM = 645 RIU-1, respectively. This study shows that Tamm plasmon and cavity modes exhibit about 23 and 49 times better performance of ellipsometric parameters, respectively, for refractive index sensing than standard spectroscopic ellipsometry on a QCM-D sensor chip. It should be noted that for the optical biosensing signal readout, the sensitivity of Tamm plasmon polaritons and cavity modes are comparable with and higher than the standard QCM-D sensor chip. The different origin of Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPP) and cavity mode (CM) provides further advances and can determine whether the surface (TPP) or bulk process (CM) is dominating. The dispersion relation feature of TPP, namely the direct excitation without an additional coupler, allows the possibility to enhance the optical signal on the sensing surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study and application of the TPP and CM in the combinatorial SE-QCM-D method for the enhanced readout of ellipsometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Plikusienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Bužavaitė-Vertelienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Vincentas Mačiulis
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Audrius Valavičius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
| | - Almira Ramanavičienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zigmas Balevičius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (I.P.); (E.B.-V.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (A.R.)
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Wang R, Li T, Shao X, Li X, Huang X, Shao J, Chen Y, Gong H. Subwavelength Gold Grating as Polarizers Integrated with InP-Based InGaAs Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:14471-14476. [PMID: 26115531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are currently growing needs for polarimetric imaging in infrared wavelengths for broad applications in bioscience, communications and agriculture, etc. Subwavelength metallic gratings are capable of separating transverse magnetic (TM) mode from transverse electric (TE) mode to form polarized light, offering a reliable approach for the detection in polarization way. This work aims to design and fabricate subwavelength gold gratings as polarizers for InP-based InGaAs sensors in 1.0-1.6 μm. The polarization capability of gold gratings on InP substrate with pitches in the range of 200-1200 nm (fixed duty cycle of 0.5) has been systematically studied by both theoretical modeling with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulator and spectral measurements. Gratings with 200 nm lines/space in 100-nm-thick gold have been fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL). It was found that subwavelength gold gratings directly integrated on InP cannot be applied as good polarizers, because of the existence of SPP modes in the detection wavelengths. An effective solution has been found by sandwiching the Au/InP bilayer using a 200 nm SiO2 layer, leading to significant improvement in both TM transmission and extinction ratio. At 1.35 μm, the improvement factors are 8 and 10, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the Au/SiO2/InP trilayer should be a promising candidate of near-infrared polarizers for the InP-based InGaAs sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- †State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- §University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- †State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Shao
- †State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- †State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaqi Huang
- ∥Nanolithography and Application Research Group, State Key Lab of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Shao
- ∥Nanolithography and Application Research Group, State Key Lab of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifang Chen
- ∥Nanolithography and Application Research Group, State Key Lab of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Gong
- †State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- ‡Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
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