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Wang T, Numata N, Ji Q, Mizuno Y, Viet NM, Luo Y, Chao Y, Panezai SK, Sugihara I. Single axonal characterization of trigeminocerebellar projection patterns in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25581. [PMID: 38289187 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellar projection from the trigeminal nuclear complex is one of the major populations of the cerebellar inputs. Although this projection is essential in cerebellar functional processing and organization, its morphological organization has not been systematically clarified. The present study addressed this issue by lobule-specific retrograde neuronal labeling and single axonal reconstruction with anterograde labeling. The cerebellar projection arose mainly from the interpolaris subdivision of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5I) and the principal trigeminal sensory nucleus (Pr5). Although crus II, paramedian lobule, lobule IX, and simple lobule were the major targets, paraflocculus, and other lobules received some projections. Reconstructed single trigeminocerebellar axons showed 77.8 mossy fiber terminals on average often in multiple lobules but no nuclear collaterals. More terminals were located in zebrin-negative or lightly-positive compartments than in zebrin-positive compartments. While Pr5 axons predominantly projected to ipsilateral crus II, Sp5I axons projected either predominantly to crus II and paramedian lobule often bilaterally, or predominantly to lobule IX always ipsilaterally. Lobule IX-predominant-type Sp5I neurons specifically expressed Gpr26. Gpr26-tagged neuronal labeling produced a peculiar mossy fiber distribution, which was dense in the dorsolateral lobule IX and extending transversely to the dorsal median apex in lobule IX. The projection to the cerebellar nuclei was observed in collaterals of ascending Sp5I axons that project to the diencephalon. In sum, multiple populations of trigeminocerebellar projections showed divergent projections to cerebellar lobules. The projection was generally complementary with the pontine projection and partly matched with the reported orofacial receptive field arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Wang
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Numata
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Mizuno
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen-Minh Viet
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center of Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuanjun Luo
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhan Chao
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saddam Khan Panezai
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugihara
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Y, Luo Y, Sasamura K, Sugihara I. Single axonal morphology reveals high heterogeneity in spinocerebellar axons originating from the lumbar spinal cord in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3893-3921. [PMID: 34333770 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the spinocerebellar projections vital for sensorimotor coordination of limbs and the trunk, the morphology of spinocerebellar axons originating from the lumbar cord has not been well characterized compared to those from thoracic and sacral cords. We reconstructed 26 single spinocerebellar axons labeled by biotinylated dextran injections into the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord in mice. Axon terminals were mapped with the zebrin pattern of the cerebellar cortex. Reconstructed axons were primarily classified into ipsilaterally and contralaterally ascending axons, arising mainly from the dorsal and ventral horns, respectively. The majority of ipsilateral and contralateral axons took the dorsal-medullary and ventral-pontine pathways, respectively. The axons of both groups terminated mainly in the vermal and medial paravermal areas of lobules II-V and VIII-IXa, often bilaterally but predominantly ipsilateral to the axonal origin, with a weak preference to particular portions of zebrin stripes. The ipsilateral axons originating from the medial dorsal horn in the upper lumbar cord (n = 3) had abundant (43-147) mossy fiber terminals and no medullary collaterals. The ipsilateral axons originating from the lateral dorsal horn in the lower lumbar cord (n = 9) and the contralateral axons (n = 14) showed remarkable morphology variations. The number of their mossy fiber terminals varied from 2 to 172. Their collaterals, observed in 17 axons out of 23, terminated mainly in the medial cerebellar nucleus, nucleus X, and lateral reticular nucleus in various degrees. The results indicated that the lumbar spinocerebellar projection contains highly heterogeneous axonal populations regarding their pathway, branching, and termination patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Zhang
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanjun Luo
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sasamura
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugihara
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ando T, Ueda M, Luo Y, Sugihara I. Heterogeneous vestibulocerebellar mossy fiber projections revealed by single axon reconstruction in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1775-1802. [PMID: 31904871 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A significant population of neurons in the vestibular nuclei projects to the cerebellum as mossy fibers (MFs) which are involved in the control and adaptation of posture, eye-head movements, and autonomic function. However, little is known about their axonal projection patterns. We studied the morphology of single axons of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons as well as those originating from primary afferents, by labeling with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). MVN axons (n = 35) were classified into three types based on their major predominant termination patterns. The Cbm-type terminated only in the cerebellum (15 axons), whereas others terminated in the cerebellum and contralateral vestibular nuclei (cVN/Cbm-type, 13 axons), or in the cerebellum and ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (iVN/Cbm-type, 7 axons). Cbm- and cVN/Cbm-types mostly projected to the nodulus and uvula without any clear relationship with longitudinal stripes in these lobules. They were often bilateral, and sometimes sent branches to the flocculus and to other vermal lobules. Also, the iVN/Cbm-type projected mainly to the ipsilateral nodulus. Neurons of these types of axons showed different distribution within the MVN. The number of MF terminals of some vestibulocerebellar axons, iVN/Cbm-type axons in particular, and primary afferent axons were much smaller than observed in previously studied MF axons originating from major precerebellar nuclei and the spinal cord. The results demonstrated that a heterogeneous population of MVN neurons provided divergent MF inputs to the cerebellum. The cVN/Cbm- and iVN/Cbm-types indicate that some excitatory neuronal circuits within the vestibular nuclei supply their collaterals to the vestibulocerebellum as MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ando
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhito Ueda
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanjun Luo
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugihara
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Biswas MS, Luo Y, Sarpong GA, Sugihara I. Divergent projections of single pontocerebellar axons to multiple cerebellar lobules in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1966-1985. [PMID: 30737986 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The basilar pontine nucleus (PN) is the key relay point for the cerebrocerebellar link. However, the projection pattern of pontocerebellar mossy fiber axons, which is essential in determining the functional organization of the cerebellar cortex, has not been fully clarified. We reconstructed the entire trajectory of 25 single pontocerebellar mossy fiber axons labeled by localized injection of biotinylated dextran amine into various locations in the PN and mapped all their terminals in an unfolded scheme of the cerebellum in 10 mice. The majority of axons (20/25 axons) entered the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle contralateral to the origin, while others entered through the ipsilateral pathway. A small number of axons (1/25 axons) had collaterals terminating in the cerebellar nuclei. Axons projected mostly to a combination of lobules, often bilaterally, and terminated in multiple zebrin (aldolase C) stripes, more frequently in zebrin-positive stripes (83.9%) than in zebrin-negative stripes, with 66.5 mossy fiber terminals on the average. Axons originating from the rostral (plus medial and lateral), central and caudal PN mainly terminated in the paraflocculus, crus I and lobule VIb-c, in the simplex lobule, crus II and paramedian lobule, and in lobules II-VIa, VIII and copula pyramidis, respectively. The results suggest that the interlobular branching pattern of pontocerebellar axons determines the group of cerebellar lobules that are involved in a related functional localization of the cerebellum. In the hemisphere, crus I may be functionally distinct from neighboring lobules (simple lobule and crus II) in the mouse cerebellum based on the pontocerebellar axonal projection pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahangir Biswas
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuanjun Luo
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gideon Anokye Sarpong
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugihara
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Luo Y, Patel RP, Sarpong GA, Sasamura K, Sugihara I. Single axonal morphology and termination to cerebellar aldolase C stripes characterize distinct spinocerebellar projection systems originating from the thoracic spinal cord in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:681-706. [PMID: 29159952 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The spinocerebellar projection has an essential role in sensorimotor coordination of limbs and the trunk. Multiple groups of spinocerebellar projections have been identified in retrograde labeling studies. In this study, we aimed at characterizing projection patterns of these groups using a combination of anterograde labeling of the thoracic spinal cord and aldolase C immunostaining of longitudinal stripes of the cerebellar cortex in the mouse. We reconstructed 22 single spinocerebellar axons, wholly in the cerebellum and brain stem and partly, in the spinal cord. They were classified into three groups, (a) non-crossed axons of Clarke's column neurons (NCC, 8 axons), (b) non-crossed axons of marginal Clarke's column neurons (NMCC, 7 axons), and (c) crossed axons of neurons in the medial ventral horn (CMVH, 7 axons), based on previous retrograde labeling studies. While NCC axons projected mainly to multiple bilateral stripes in vermal lobules II-IV and VIII-IX, and the ipsilateral medial cerebellar nucleus, NMCC axons projected mainly to ipsilateral stripes in paravermal lobules II-V and copula pyramidis, and the anterior interposed nucleus. CMVH axons projected bilaterally to multiple stripes in lobules II-V with a small number of terminals but had abundant collaterals in the spinal cord and medullary reticular nuclei as well as in the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei. The results indicate that, while CMVH axons overlap with propriospinal and spinoreticular projections, NCC and NMCC axons are primarily spinocerebellar axons, which seem to be involved in relatively more proximal and distal sensorimotor controls, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Luo
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Radhika Pooja Patel
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Imperial College London Medicine MBBS/BSc, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Anokye Sarpong
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sasamura
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugihara
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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