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Xin DE, Liao Y, Rao R, Ogurek S, Sengupta S, Xin M, Bayat AE, Seibel WL, Graham RT, Koschmann C, Lu QR. Chaetocin-mediated SUV39H1 inhibition targets stemness and oncogenic networks of diffuse midline gliomas and synergizes with ONC201. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:735-748. [PMID: 38011799 PMCID: PMC10995509 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG/DMG) are devastating pediatric brain tumors with extraordinarily limited treatment options and uniformly fatal prognosis. Histone H3K27M mutation is a common recurrent alteration in DIPG and disrupts epigenetic regulation. We hypothesize that genome-wide H3K27M-induced epigenetic dysregulation makes tumors vulnerable to epigenetic targeting. METHODS We performed a screen of compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes to identify potential inhibitors for the growth of patient-derived DIPG cells. We further carried out transcriptomic and genomic landscape profiling including RNA-seq and CUT&RUN-seq as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown to assess the effects of chaetocin and SUV39H1, a target of chaetocin, on DIPG growth. RESULTS High-throughput small-molecule screening identified an epigenetic compound chaetocin as a potent blocker of DIPG cell growth. Chaetocin treatment selectively decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of DIPG cells and significantly extended survival in DIPG xenograft models, while restoring H3K27me3 levels. Moreover, the loss of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 inhibited DIPG cell growth. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling indicated that SUV39H1 loss or inhibition led to the downregulation of stemness and oncogenic networks including growth factor receptor signaling and stemness-related programs; however, D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) signaling adaptively underwent compensatory upregulation conferring resistance. Consistently, a combination of chaetocin treatment with a DRD2 antagonist ONC201 synergistically increased the antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal a therapeutic vulnerability of DIPG cells through targeting the SUV39H1-H3K9me3 pathway and compensatory signaling loops for treating this devastating disease. Combining SUV39H1-targeting chaetocin with other agents such as ONC201 may offer a new strategy for effective DIPG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Arman Esshaghi Bayat
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T Graham
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Li L, Jiang H, Li Y, Xiang X, Chu Y, Tang J, Liu K, Huo D, Zhang X. Chaetocin exhibits anticancer effects in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activation of Hippo pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5426-5444. [PMID: 37319316 PMCID: PMC10333076 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the Hippo pathway is common in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC). Chaetocin, a small molecular compound isolated from the marine fungus, exhibits potent anticancer effects. However, the anticancer effects of chaetocin on ESCC and its potential relationship to Hippo pathway remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that chaetocin dramatically inhibited the proliferation in ESCC cells by causing cycle arrest in the M phase and activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in vitro, and we also found that chaetocin induced the accumulation cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The RNA-seq analysis indicated that the Hippo pathway is one of the most enriched pathways after chaetocin treatment. We further revealed that chaetocin triggered the activation of Hippo pathway in ESCC cells, which is characterized by elevated phosphorylation levels of almost all core proteins in Hippo pathway, such as MST1 (Thr183), MST2 (Thr180), MOB1 (Thr35), LAST1 (Thr1079 and Ser909) and YAP (Ser127), ultimately leading to decreased nuclear translocation of YAP. Moreover, the MST1/2 inhibitor XMU-MP-1 not only partially rescued the inhibitory effect chaetocin-induced proliferation, but also rescued the chaetocin-induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed the antitumor effect of chaetocin and its relationship with Hippo pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that chaetocin exhibits anticancer effects in ESCC via activation of Hippo pathway. These results provide an important basis for further research of chaetocin as a potential candidate for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaochong Xiang
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yueming Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Lin TC. Perturbation Analysis of a Prognostic DDX3X-Mediated Gene Expression Signature Identifies the Antimetastatic Potential of Chaetocin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:1628. [PMID: 37371098 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X, also known as DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) Box Polypeptide 3, X-Linked (DDX3X), is critical for RNA metabolism, and emerging evidence implicates ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X's participation in various cellular processes to modulate cancer progression. In this study, the clinical significance of DDX3X was addressed, and DDX3X was identified as a biomarker for poor prognosis. An exploration of transcriptomic data from 373 liver cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) suggested an association between DDX3X expression and cancer metastasis. Lentiviral-based silencing of DDX3X in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line resulted in the suppression of cell migration and invasion. The molecular mechanism regarding ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X in liver cancer progression had been addressed in many studies. I focused on the biological application of the DDX3X-mediated gene expression signature in cancer therapeutics. An investigation of the DDX3X-correlated expression signature via the L1000 platform of Connectivity Map (BROAD Institute) first identified a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, chaetocin, as a novel compound for alleviating metastasis in HCC. In this study, the prognostic value of DDX3X and the antimetastatic property of chaetocin are presented to shed light on the development of anti-liver cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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Han L, Lee JB, Indermaur EW, Keung AJ. Chaetocin disrupts the SUV39H1-HP1 interaction independent of SUV39H1 methyltransferase activity. Biochem J 2023; 480:421-432. [PMID: 36896918 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical tools to control the activities and interactions of chromatin components have broad impact on our understanding of cellular and disease processes. It is important to accurately identify their molecular effects to inform clinical efforts and interpretations of scientific studies. Chaetocin is a widely used chemical that decreases H3K9 methylation in cells. It is frequently attributed as a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase activities of SUV39H1/SU(VAR)3-9, although prior observations showed chaetocin likely inhibits methyltransferase activity through covalent mechanisms involving its epipolythiodixopiperazine disulfide 'warhead' functionality. The continued use of chaetocin in scientific studies may derive from the net effect of reduced H3K9 methylation, irrespective of a direct or indirect mechanism. However, there may be other molecular impacts of chaetocin on SUV39H1 besides inhibition of H3K9 methylation levels that could confound the interpretation of past and future experimental studies. Here, we test a new hypothesis that chaetocin may have an additional downstream impact aside from inhibition of methyltransferase activity. Using a combination of truncation mutants, a yeast two-hybrid system, and direct in vitro binding assays, we show that the human SUV39H1 chromodomain (CD) and HP1 chromoshadow domain (CSD) directly interact. Chaetocin inhibits this binding interaction through its disulfide functionality with some specificity by covalently binding with the CD of SUV39H1, whereas the histone H3-HP1 interaction is not inhibited. Given the key role of HP1 dimers in driving a feedback cascade to recruit SUV39H1 and to establish and stabilize constitutive heterochromatin, this additional molecular consequence of chaetocin should be broadly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, U.S.A
| | - Jessica B Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, U.S.A
| | - Elaine W Indermaur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, U.S.A
| | - Albert J Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, U.S.A
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Wang H, Wen C, Chen S, Li W, Qin Q, He L, Wang F, Chen J, Ye W, Li W, Peng J, Yang X, Liu H. ROS/JNK/C-Jun Pathway is Involved in Chaetocin Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis and Macrophage Phagocytosis Enhancement. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729367. [PMID: 34776955 PMCID: PMC8578663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the increasing number of cases and drug-resistance related to current treatments. In this study, we aim to uncover the potential of chaetocin, a natural product, as a chemotherapeutic for CRC treatment. We showed that, regardless of 5-FU-resistance, chaetocin induced proliferation inhibition by causing G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. Mechanically, our results indicated that chaetocin could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway in CRC cells. This was confirmed by which the JNK inhibitor SP600125 partially rescued CRC cells from chaetocin induced apoptosis and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reversed both the chaetocin induced apoptosis and the JNK/c-Jun pathway activation. Additionally, this study indicated that chaetocin could down-regulate the expression of CD47 at both mRNA and protein levels, and enhance macrophages phagocytosis of CRC cells. Chaetocin also inhibited tumor growth in CRC xenograft models. In all, our study reveals that chaetocin induces CRC cell apoptosis, irrelevant to 5-FU sensitivity, by causing ROS accumulation and activating JNK/c-Jun, and enhances macrophages phagocytosis, which suggests chaetocin as a candidate for CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jeong PS, Yang HJ, Park SH, Gwon MA, Joo YE, Kim MJ, Kang HG, Lee S, Park YH, Song BS, Kim SU, Koo DB, Sim BW. Combined Chaetocin/Trichostatin A Treatment Improves the Epigenetic Modification and Developmental Competence of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709574. [PMID: 34692674 PMCID: PMC8526721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental defects in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos are principally attributable to incomplete epigenetic reprogramming. Small-molecule inhibitors such as histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been used to improve reprogramming efficiency of SCNT embryos. However, their possible synergistic effect on epigenetic reprogramming has not been studied. In this study, we explored whether combined treatment with an HMTi (chaetocin) and an HDACi (trichostatin A; TSA) synergistically enhanced epigenetic reprogramming and the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos. Chaetocin, TSA, and the combination significantly increased the cleavage and blastocyst formation rate, hatching/hatched blastocyst rate, and cell numbers and survival rate compared to control embryos. In particular, the combined treatment improved the rate of development to blastocysts more so than chaetocin or TSA alone. TSA and combined chaetocin/TSA significantly reduced the H3K9me3 levels and increased the H3K9ac levels in SCNT embryos, although chaetocin alone significantly reduced only the H3K9me3 levels. Moreover, these inhibitors also decreased global DNA methylation in SCNT embryos. In addition, the expression of zygotic genome activation- and imprinting-related genes was increased by chaetocin or TSA, and more so by the combination, to levels similar to those of in vitro-fertilized embryos. These results suggest that combined chaetocin/TSA have synergistic effects on improving the developmental competences by regulating epigenetic reprogramming and correcting developmental potential-related gene expression in porcine SCNT embryos. Therefore, these strategies may contribute to the generation of transgenic pigs for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Min Ah Gwon
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ye Eun Joo
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Gu Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
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Campillo-Marcos I, Monte-Serrano E, Navarro-Carrasco E, García-González R, Lazo PA. Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitors Impair H4K20me2 and 53BP1 Foci in Response to DNA Damage in Sarcomas, a Synthetic Lethality Strategy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715126. [PMID: 34540832 PMCID: PMC8446283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromatin is dynamically remodeled to adapt to all DNA-related processes, including DNA damage responses (DDR). This adaptation requires DNA and histone epigenetic modifications, which are mediated by several types of enzymes; among them are lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). Methods KMT inhibitors, chaetocin and tazemetostat (TZM), were used to study their role in the DDR induced by ionizing radiation or doxorubicin in two human sarcoma cells lines. The effect of these KMT inhibitors was tested by the analysis of chromatin epigenetic modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me2. DDR was monitored by the formation of γH2AX, MDC1, NBS1 and 53BP1 foci, and the induction of apoptosis. Results Chaetocin and tazemetostat treatments caused a significant increase of H4K16 acetylation, associated with chromatin relaxation, and increased DNA damage, detected by the labeling of free DNA-ends. These inhibitors significantly reduced H4K20 dimethylation levels in response to DNA damage and impaired the recruitment of 53BP1, but not of MDC1 and NBS1, at DNA damaged sites. This modification of epigenetic marks prevents DNA repair by the NHEJ pathway and leads to cell death. Conclusion KMT inhibitors could function as sensitizers to DNA damage-based therapies and be used in novel synthetic lethality strategies for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Campillo-Marcos
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Monte-Serrano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Carrasco
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl García-González
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the histone lysine-methyltransferase (HKMT) inhibitor chaetocin on chromatin structure and its effect on ionizing radiation (IR) induced DNA damage response. METHODS Concentration and time-dependent effects of chaetocin on chromatin clustering and its reversibility were analyzed by immunofluorescent assays in the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines H460 and H1299Q4 and in human skin fibroblasts. In addition, IR induced damage response (γH2AX, 53BP1, and pATM foci formation) was studied by immunofluorescent assays. The effect on survival was determined by performing single-cell clonogenic assays. RESULTS Chaetocin significantly increased the radiation sensitivity of H460 (F test on nonlinear regression, p < .0011) and of H1299 (p = .0201). In addition, treatment with 15 nM chaetocin also decreased the total radiation doses that control 50% of the plaque monolayers (TCD50) from 17.2 ± 0.3 Gy to 7.3 ± 0.4 Gy (p < .0001) in H1299 cells and from 11.6 ± 0.1 Gy to 6.5 ± 0.3 Gy (p < .0001). Phenotypically, chaetocin led to a time and concentration-dependent clustering of the chromatin in H1299 as well as in fibroblasts, but not in H460 cells. This phenotype of chaetocin induced chromatin clustering (CICC) was reversible and depended on the expression of the HKMTs SUV39H1 and G9a. Treatment with siRNA for SUV39h1 and G9a significantly reduced the CICC phenotype. Immunofluorescent assay results showed that the CICC phenotype was enriched for the heterochromatic marker proteins H3K9me3 and HP1α. γH2AX foci formation was not affected, neither in cells with normal nor with CICC phenotype. In contrast, repair signaling with 53BP1 and pATM foci formation was significantly reduced in the CICC phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with chaetocin increased the radiation sensitivity of cells in vitro and DNA damage response, especially of 53BP1 and ATM-dependent repair by affecting chromatin structure. The obtained results support the potential use of natural HKMT inhibitors such as chaetocin or other bioactive compounds in improving radiosensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sak
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K Bannik
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Groneberg
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Jeong PS, Sim BW, Park SH, Kim MJ, Kang HG, Nanjidsuren T, Lee S, Song BS, Koo DB, Kim SU. Chaetocin Improves Pig Cloning Efficiency by Enhancing Epigenetic Reprogramming and Autophagic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144836. [PMID: 32650566 PMCID: PMC7402317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for the in vitro development of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The aberrant levels of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is an epigenetic barrier. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chaetocin, an H3K9me3-specific methyltransferase inhibitor, on the epigenetic reprogramming and developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos. The SCNT embryos showed abnormal levels of H3K9me3 at the pronuclear, two-cell, and four-cell stages compared to in vitro fertilized embryos. Moreover, the expression levels of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases (suv39h1 and suv39h2) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) were higher in SCNT embryos. Treatment with 0.5 nM chaetocin for 24 h after activation significantly increased the developmental competence of SCNT embryos in terms of the cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, hatching rate, cell number, expression of pluripotency-related genes, and cell survival rate. In particular, chaetocin enhanced epigenetic reprogramming by reducing the H3K9me3 and 5-methylcytosine levels and restoring the abnormal expression of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases. Chaetocin induced autophagic activity, leading to a significant reduction in maternal mRNA levels in embryos at the pronuclear and two-cell stages. These findings revealed that chaetocin enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos by regulating epigenetic reprogramming and autophagic activity and so could be used to enhance the production of transgenic pigs for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Hyo-Gu Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Tsevelmaa Nanjidsuren
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-B.K.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-B.K.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
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10
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Yang Z, Wang H, Zhang N, Xing T, Zhang W, Wang G, Li C, Yu C. Chaetocin Abrogates the Self-Renewal of Bladder Cancer Stem Cells via the Suppression of the KMT1A-GATA3-STAT3 Circuit. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32626701 PMCID: PMC7311639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have the abilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and metastasis; confer drug resistance; and exhibit high tumorigenicity. We previously identified that the KMT1A–GATA3–STAT3 axis drives the self-renewal of BCSCs. However, the therapeutic effect of targeting KMT1A in BCSCs remains unknown. In this study, we confirmed that the expression of KMT1A was remarkably higher in BCSCs (3–5-fold) than those in bladder cancer non-stem cells or normal bladder epithelial cells. Among the six KMT1A inhibitors, chaetocin significantly suppressed the cell propagation (inhibition ratio: 65%–88%, IC50 = 24.4–32.5 nM), induced apoptosis (2–5-fold), and caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest (68.9 vs 55.5%) of bladder cancer (BC) cells, without influencing normal bladder epithelial cells. More importantly, chaetocin abrogated the self-renewal of BCSCs (inhibition ratio: 80.1%) via the suppression of the KMT1A–GATA3–STAT3 circuit and other stemness-related pathways. Finally, intravesical instillation of chaetocin remarkably inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors (inhibition ratio: 71–82%) and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice (70 vs 53 days). In sum, chaetocin abrogated the stemness maintenance and tumor growth of BCSCs via the suppression of the KMT1A–GATA3–STAT3 circuit. Chaetocin is an effective inhibitor targeting KMT1A in BCSCs and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianying Xing
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chong Li
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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11
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Kumari D, Sciascia N, Usdin K. Small Molecules Targeting H3K9 Methylation Prevent Silencing of Reactivated FMR1 Alleles in Fragile X Syndrome Patient Derived Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040356. [PMID: 32230785 PMCID: PMC7230530 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In fragile X syndrome (FXS), expansion of a CGG repeat tract in the 5′-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene to >200 repeats causes transcriptional silencing by inducing heterochromatin formation. Understanding the mechanism of FMR1 silencing is important as gene reactivation is a potential treatment approach for FXS. To date, only the DNA demethylating drug 5-azadeoxycytidine (AZA) has proved effective at gene reactivation; however, this drug is toxic. The repressive H3K9 methylation mark is enriched on the FMR1 gene in FXS patient cells and is thus a potential druggable target. However, its contribution to the silencing process is unclear. Here, we studied the effect of small molecule inhibitors of H3K9 methylation on FMR1 expression in FXS patient cells. Chaetocin showed a small effect on FMR1 gene reactivation and a synergistic effect on FMR1 mRNA levels when used in combination with AZA. Additionally, chaetocin, BIX01294 and 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) were able to significantly delay the re-silencing of AZA-reactivated FMR1 alleles. These data are consistent with the idea that H3K9 methylation precedes DNA methylation and that removal of DNA methylation is necessary to see the optimal effect of histone methyl-transferase (HMT) inhibitors on FMR1 gene expression. Nonetheless, our data also show that drugs targeting repressive H3K9 methylation marks are able to produce sustained reactivation of the FMR1 gene after a single dose of AZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Kumari
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01 301-594-5260
| | - Nicholas Sciascia
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.S.); (K.U.)
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Usdin
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.S.); (K.U.)
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12
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Li Z, Huang L, Wei L, Hou Z, Ye W, Huang S. Chaetocin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1915-1921. [PMID: 31423261 PMCID: PMC6614685 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide. The majority of patients with OC respond to current chemotherapy approaches initially; however, patients are likely to experience cancer recurrence and become resistant to the chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents for the treatment of OC are urgently required. Chaetocin, a natural product isolated from Chaetomium fungi, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against various types of cancer; however, the pharmacological action and detailed mechanism underlying the effects of chaetocin on OC cells remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of chaetocin on OC cells. A Cell Counting kit-8 assay was used to study cell viability, a colony formation assay was used to assess cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3. The results demonstrated that chaetocin significantly decreased the viability of OC cells. Chaetocin inhibited the proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest of the OVCAR-3 OC cell line. Additionally, chaetocin induced apoptotic cell death in OVCAR-3 cells via the caspase pathway. It was observed that chaetocin induced the accumulation of ROS in OVCAR-3 cells. Treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the apoptotic effects and activation of the caspase pathway induced by chaetocin. Collectively, these results revealed that chaetocin suppressed the proliferation and promoted the caspase-dependent apoptosis of OC cells by increasing the levels of ROS. Therefore, chaetocin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Suran Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
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13
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Vo MC, Nguyen-Pham TN, Lee HJ, Jung SH, Choi NR, Hoang MD, Kim HJ, Lee JJ. Chaetocin enhances dendritic cell function via the induction of heat shock protein and cancer testis antigens in myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46047-46056. [PMID: 28512265 PMCID: PMC5542247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines are considered useful in cancer immuno-therapy, and the interactions of DC and dying tumor cells are important and promising for cancer immunotherapy. We investigated whether chaetocin could be used to induce death of myeloma cells, for loading onto DCs can affect DCs function. In this study, we show that the dying myeloma cells treated with chaetocin resulted in the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, which was inhibited by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, and showed an increase in the expression of MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C1/CT7. DCs loaded with chaetocin-treated dying myeloma cells produced low levels of IL-10 and enhanced the cross presentation of DCs. Additionally, these DCs most potently inhibited regulatory T cells, induced Th1 polarization and activated myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared with DCs loaded with UVB-irradiated dying myeloma cells. These results suggest that the pretreatment of myeloma cells with chaetocin can enhance DC function through the up-regulation of HSP90 and cancer testis antigens in dying myeloma cells and can potently induce the Th1 polarization of DCs and myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Cuong Vo
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh-Nhan Nguyen-Pham
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Choi
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - My-Dung Hoang
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang S, Yin J, Zhong J. Chaetocin reactivates the lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus from latency via reactive oxygen species. Sci China Life Sci 2017; 60:66-71. [PMID: 28063010 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, regarded as a negative effect of free radicals in vivo, takes place when organisms suffer from harmful stimuli. Some viruses can induce the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells, which may be closely related with their pathogenicity. In this report, chaetocin, a fungal metabolite reported to have antimicrobial and cytostatic activity, was studied for its effect on the activation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in B95-8 cells. We found that chaetocin remarkably up-regulated EBV lytic transcription and DNA replication at a low concentration (50 nmol L-1). The activation of latent EBV was accompanied by an increased cellular ROS level. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS inhibitor, suppressed chaetocin-induced EBV activation. Chaetocin had little effect on histone H3K9 methylation, while NAC also significantly reduced H3K9 methylation. These results suggested that chaetocin reactivates latent EBV primarily via ROS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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15
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Rombo R, Weiher H, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Effect of chaetocin on renal cell carcinoma cells and cytokine-induced killer cells. Ger Med Sci 2016; 14:Doc04. [PMID: 27141211 PMCID: PMC4836455 DOI: 10.3205/000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the cytotoxic effects of chaetocin on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells and the possibility to combine the effects of chaetocin with the effects of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) assayed by MTT assay and FACS analysis. Chaetocin is a thiodioxopiperazine produced by fungi belonging to the chaetomiaceae family. In 2007, it was first reported that chaetocin shows potent and selective ex vivo anti-cancer activity by inducing reactive oxygen species. CIK cells are generated from CD3+/CD56- T lymphocytes with double negative CD4-/CD8- phenotype that are isolated from human blood. The addition of distinct interleukins and antibodies results in the generation of CIK cells that are able to specifically target and destroy renal carcinoma cells. The results of this research state that the anti-ccRCC activity of chaetocin is weak and does not show a high grade of selectivity on clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Although the CIK cells show a high grade of selective anti-ccRCC activity, this effect could not be improved by the addition of chaetocin. So chaetocin seems to be no suitable agent for specific targeting ccRCC cells or for the combination therapy with CIK cells in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Rombo
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Hans Weiher
- Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
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16
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Song X, Zhao Z, Qi X, Tang S, Wang Q, Zhu T, Gu Q, Liu M, Li J. Identification of epipolythiodioxopiperazines HDN-1 and chaetocin as novel inhibitor of heat shock protein 90. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5263-74. [PMID: 25742791 PMCID: PMC4467147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as an important target for cancer treatment. HDN-1, an epipolythiopiperazine-2, 5-diones (ETPs) compound, was here identified as a new Hsp90 inhibitor. HDN-1 bound directly to C-terminus of Hsp90α, resulting in a potential conformational change that interfered with the binding of 17-AAG and novobiocin to Hsp90α. In contrast, association of 17-AAG, novobiocin or ATP with Hsp90α did not prevent the binding HDN-1 to Hsp90α. HDN-1 in combination with 17-AAG exhibited an enhanced inhibitory effect on non-small lung cancer cell proliferation. Molecular docking analyses revealed that HDN-1 bound to Hsp90α at C-terminal 526–570 region. In addition, HDN-1 degraded multiple oncoproteins and promoted EGF-induced wild type and mutated EGFR downregulation. Notably, chaetocin, used as a SUV39H1 inhibitor with similar structure to HDN-1, bound to Hsp90 and degraded Hsp90 client proteins and SUV39H1 as did HDN-1. These results indicate that HDN-1 and chaetocin are inhibitors of Hsp90 and that SUV39H1 is a novel client protein of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Chiba T, Saito T, Yuki K, Zen Y, Koide S, Kanogawa N, Motoyama T, Ogasawara S, Suzuki E, Ooka Y, Tawada A, Otsuka M, Miyazaki M, Iwama A, Yokosuka O. Histone lysine methyltransferase SUV39H1 is a potent target for epigenetic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:289-98. [PMID: 24844570 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is associated with transcriptional repression and regulated by histone lysine methyltransferases such as SUV39H1 and ESET. However, the functional roles of these enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain uncertain. In this study, we conducted loss-of-function assays for HCC cells. SUV39H1 knockdown but not ESET knockdown reduced H3K9me3 levels and impaired HCC cell growth and sphere formation. The pharmacological inhibition of SUV39H1 by chaetocin resulted in cell growth inhibition and inducing cellular apoptosis in culture and xenograft subcutaneous tumors. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated high levels of SUV39H1 expression in 24 of 42 (57.1%) HCC surgical samples compared with corresponding nontumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry identified high levels of H3K9me3 and ESET proteins in 23 (54.8%) and 29 (69.0%) tumor tissues, respectively. However, these proteins' expressions were only observed in biliary epithelial cells and periportal hepatocytes of nontumor tissues. Expression levels of SUV39H1 but not those of ESET were significantly correlated with H3K9me3 levels. The cumulative HCC recurrence rate was significantly higher for patients with elevated SUV39H1 expression and H3K9me3 levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that elevated SUV39H1 expression and high levels of H3K9me3 have important roles in HCC development and progression. Therefore, the pharmacological inhibition of SUV39H1 may be a promising therapeutic approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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