Congenital Cutis Verticis Gyrata in a Newborn with Turner Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Manifestation of This Chromosomal Disease with Trichoscopic Evaluation

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a rare disorder of the scalp that entails the development of ridges and furrows, which mimic the anatomical conformation of the brain. This skin condition has been classified in primary essential, primary non-essential, and secondary CVG, depending on the presence or absence of other associated disorders. We present the case report of a one-month-old female newborn affected by congenital CVG (CCVG), who also received a diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS). Skin folding was present at birth and located at the left frontal region of the scalp in the sagittal plane. Our purpose was to make this pathology clinically and tricoscopically better known, since it can be related to different genetic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, etc. Non-invasive investigations, such as ultrasonography (U/S) of the brain and scalp and trichoscopy, were also used to obtain the important clues necessary to help in the CVG classification. The clinical diagnosis and trichoscopical investigation of CVG may also be useful for those patients who may have a genetic disease that is not screened for during prenatal examinations.

[Clinical case of congenital cleft palate in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome]

The paper presents a clinical case of congenital cleft palate as a manifestation of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome accompanied by other systemic disorders having direct impact on functional indicators and perioperative period during cleft surgery. Specific for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome endocrine disorders affect the facial development. Multidisciplinary approach contributes to the early optimal treatment outcome and prevents further postoperative disturbances in maxillofacial development.

Angelman syndrome: A review highlighting musculoskeletal and anatomical aberrations

Angelman's syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopment disorder. The cause is a known abnormality involving the maternal inherited ubiquitin-protein ligase (UBE3A) gene. Clinical characteristics universal to the disorder are well documented in the literature and include developmental delay, seizures, ataxia, altered tone, severely impaired speech and intellect, as well as an overall happy demeanor, frequent bouts of laughter, and hypermotoric behavior. Associated with this disorder are several musculoskeletal aberrations. To date, a review of case studies reporting on these musculoskeletal changes has not been carried out. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to provide an overview of the musculoskeletal changes present in individuals with AS. In our review of 21 case reports from 1965-2013, the most consistently reported anatomical changes were of the craniofacial region. These include microcephaly, brachycephaly, a palpable occipital groove, prognathism, and wide spaced teeth. Other musculoskeletal abnormalities less frequently reported in the literature include scoliosis, excessive lumbar lordosis, and pes planus. Given that the majority of the case reports reviewed was of young children, the possibility of underreporting musculoskeletal changes which may manifest in the later years of life may be present. Early diagnosis and interventions to minimize secondary complications are crucial to maintain quality of life. An overall multidisciplinary approach is emphasized to maximize developmental potential for these individuals. Future prospective studies that follow patients into adulthood are needed to better understand the prevalence and development of secondary musculoskeletal changes, which in turn can inform intervention techniques and preventative measures. Clin. Anat. 29:561-567, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.