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Naeem F, Khan N, Sohani N, Safa F, Masud M, Ahmed S, Thandi G, Mutta B, Kasaam A, Tello K, Husain MI, Husain MO, Kidd SA, McKenzie K. Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CaCBT) to Improve Community Mental Health Services for Canadians of South Asian Origin: A Qualitative Study. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:54-68. [PMID: 37376808 PMCID: PMC10867407 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231178958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asian (SA) Canadians are disproportionately affected by higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders. SA Canadians with depression report significant barriers to accessing mental health care and the highest proportion of unmet mental health needs. The Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) advocates for culturally and linguistically relevant services for SA Canadians. Culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy (CaCBT) has shown to be more effective than standard cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Adapting CBT for the growing SA population in Canada will ensure equitable access to effective, culturally-appropriate mental health interventions. METHOD The study used a qualitative design to elicit stakeholder consultation via in-depth interviews. This study is reported using the criteria included in Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ). The analysis follows an ethnographic approach and was informed by the principles of emergent design. RESULTS Five themes were identified from the analysis, (i) Awareness and preparation: factors that impact the individual's understanding of therapy and mental illness. (ii) Access and provision: SA Canadians' perception of barriers, facilitators, and access to treatment. (iii) Assessment and engagement: experiences of receiving helpful treatment. (iv) Adjustments to therapy: modifications and suggestions to standard CBT. (v) Ideology and ambiguity: racism, immigration, discrimination, and other socio-political factors. CONCLUSIONS Mainstream mental health services need to be culturally appropriate to better serve SA Canadians experiencing depression and anxiety. Services must understand the family dynamics, cultural values and socio-political factors that impact SA Canadians to reduce attrition rates in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Naeem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nagina Khan
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Sohani
- Immigrant Services, Ottawa Newcomer Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farhana Safa
- Punjabi Community Health Services, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Ahmed
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Thandi
- Moving Forward Family Services, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Baldev Mutta
- Punjabi Community Health Services, Toronto, Canada
| | - Azaad Kasaam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kamlesh Tello
- Access to Quality Mental Health Services, Mental Health Commission of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean A. Kidd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kwame McKenzie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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