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Zheng S, Bargman JM. Unusual and complicated peritonitis: Your questions answered. Perit Dial Int 2024:8968608241237400. [PMID: 38532707 DOI: 10.1177/08968608241237400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of infections is a growing challenge owing to antimicrobial resistance. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients experience more frequent hospitalisations than the general population and have greater exposure to antibiotics, making them particularly vulnerable to this threat. Over the last decade, we have noted a surge in cases of complicated peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis) caused by antimicrobial-resistant organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi. Practitioners must be alert to these organisms, seek early recognition of these resistance patterns and make timely adjustments in order to avoid delay in treatment that may increase risk of PD catheter removal and technique failure. We present a case of successful treatment of ESBL peritonitis, highlight its challenges, while providing guidance on management of other unusual and complicated PD peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne M Bargman
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kanjanabuch T, Chatsuwan T, Udomsantisuk N, Nopsopon T, Puapatanakul P, Halue G, Lorvinitnun P, Tangjittrong K, Narenpitak S, Boonyakrai C, Tatiyanupanwong S, Chieochanthanakij R, Treamtrakanpon W, Parinyasiri U, Lounseng N, Songviriyavithaya P, Sritippayawan S, Eiam-Ong S, Tungsanga K, Johnson DW, Robinson B, Perl J. Association of Local Unit Sampling and Microbiology Laboratory Culture Practices With the Ability to Identify Causative Pathogens in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis in Thailand. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:1118-1129. [PMID: 33912761 PMCID: PMC8071630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This describes variations in facility peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent (PDE) culture techniques and local microbiology laboratory practices, competencies, and quality assurance associated with peritonitis, with a specific emphasis on factors associated with culture-negative peritonitis (CNP). Methods Peritonitis data were prospectively collected from 22 Thai PD centers between May 2016 and October 2017 as part of the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. The first cloudy PD bags from PD participants with suspected peritonitis were sent to local and central laboratories for comparison of pathogen identification. The associations between these characteristics and CNP were evaluated. Results CNP was significantly more frequent in local laboratories (38%) compared with paired PDE samples sent to the central laboratory (12%, P < 0.05). Marked variations were observed in PD center practices, particularly with respect to specimen collection and processing, which often deviated from International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis Guideline recommendations, and laboratory capacities, capabilities, and certification. Lower rates of CNP were associated with PD nurse specimen collection, centrifugation of PDE, immediate transfer of samples to the laboratory, larger hospital size, larger PD unit size, availability of an on-site nephrologist, higher laboratory capacity, and laboratory ability to perform aerobic cultures, undertake standard operating procedures in antimicrobial susceptibilities, and obtain local accreditation. Conclusion There were large variations in PD center and laboratory capacities, capabilities, and practices, which in turn were associated with the likelihood of culturing and correctly identifying organisms responsible for causing PD-associated peritonitis. Deviations in practice from International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guideline recommendations were associated with higher CNP rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nibondh Udomsantisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongpratch Puapatanakul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Guttiga Halue
- Department of Medicine, Phayao Hospital, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Pichet Lorvinitnun
- Department of Medicine, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Chanchana Boonyakrai
- Department of Medicine, Taksin Hospital, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suchai Sritippayawan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriang Tungsanga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Robinson
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Perl
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thammishetti V, Kaul A, Bhadauria DS, Balasubramanian K, Prasad N, Gupta A, Sharma RK. A Retrospective Analysis of Etiology and Outcomes of Refractory CAPD Peritonitis in a Tertiary Care Center from North India. Perit Dial Int 2018; 38:441-446. [PMID: 29386307 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory peritonitis is defined as failure of clearance of peritoneal fluid despite 5 days of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Catheter removal decreases morbidity and mortality. Data on the outcomes of refractory peritonitis and of reinitiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in this group of patients are sparse. The present study analyzed etiology, outcomes, and prognostic factors of refractory peritonitis as well as survival of the reinitiation of the technique. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study that included 90 patients of refractory continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) peritonitis at a tertiary care center in North India. We collected information regarding symptomatology, causes, prognostic factors, and outcomes of refractory peritonitis. RESULTS Ninety patients suffered 93 episodes of refractory peritonitis. Fungal peritonitis was the most common cause of refractory peritonitis. Twenty nine (31%) episodes were culture-negative. We observed no difference between culture-positive and culture-negative peritonitis. Out of 90 patients, 54 (60%) recovered while 36 (40%) died. Septic shock at presentation alone was significantly associated with mortality in our study. The immediate mortality of refractory peritonitis is high. Even in patients who were shifted to permanent hemodialysis, 33% died in the first 3 months. Mean duration of technique survival after reinitiation was 23 months (1 - 85 months). Among the 12 patients who were reinitiated on CAPD, 5 patients had technique failure due to refractory peritonitis or ultrafiltration (UF) failure. CONCLUSION Refractory peritonitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite catheter removal. Reinitiation is confounded by residual infection, which is a concern for poor technique survival, and high immediate mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupama Kaul
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D S Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Department of Nephrology, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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