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Raghav A, Tripathi P, Mishra BK, Jeong GB, Banday S, Gautam KA, Mateen QN, Singh P, Singh M, Singla A, Ahmad J. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Tailored Exosomes Treat Bacteria-Associated Diabetes Foot Ulcers: A Customized Approach From Bench to Bed. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712588. [PMID: 34385994 PMCID: PMC8354005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles of endosomal origin inherited with characteristics of drug delivery and cargo loading. Exosomes offer a diverse range of opportunities that can be exploited in the treatment of various diseases post-functionalization. This membrane engineering is recently being used in the management of bacteria-associated diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most crippling disease of society with a large share of its imposing economic burden. DM in a chronic state is associated with the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. DFU is among the diabetic microvascular complications with the consequent occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes post-tailoring hold promise to accelerate the diabetic wound repair in DFU associated with bacterial inhabitant. These exosomes promote the antibacterial properties with regenerative activity by loading bioactive molecules like growth factors, nucleic acids, and proteins, and non-bioactive substances like antibiotics. Functionalization of MSC-derived exosomes is mediated by various physical, chemical, and biological processes that effectively load the desired cargo into the exosomes for targeted delivery at specific bacterial DFUs and wound. The present study focused on the application of the cargo-loaded exosomes in the treatment of DFU and also emphasizes the different approaches for loading the desired cargo/drug inside exosomes. However, more studies and clinical trials are needed in the domain to explore this membrane engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Raghav
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, MoHFW, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Goo-Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kirti Amresh Gautam
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, MoHFW, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | - Qazi Noorul Mateen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prem Singh
- Department of Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | - Akhil Singla
- Department of Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar College and Hospital, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Solan, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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