Triad of Cheiloscopy, Dactyloscopy, and Blood Groups: Does it Signify Anything?

Background

The knowledge and importance of blood groups emerged from transfusion medicine and its relation with certain malignancies has been proven. Its importance in forensic medicine was brought to light when its association was found with the distribution of finger patterns. Thus, few studies exist proving the relationship between dactyloscopy and blood groups. Cheiloscopy on other hand is the study of the irregularities present on the lips forming a unique arrangement called the prints of the lip.

Aim

Our paper aims at elucidating any unique combination if any that exists between prints on lips, prints of fingers, and blood grouping in a specific population, which might help in the identification of an individual.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 subjects of age varying from 15 to 40 years were included in the study. Subjects comprised of 50 males and 50 females. All the subjects were examined and their prints of lips along with prints of their fingers were taken. Blood groups were determined for each patient using the ABO system.

Results

Type I was found to be the predominant pattern of lips and whorl arrangement was the most recorded type of fingerprint in males whereas Type II arrangement along with loop prints of fingers was most observed in the case of females. The most common blood group in males was B+ and in females was O+ . Correlation between three parameters was obtained by Pearson correlation statistical analysis.

Conclusion

The prints of the lips and fingers of an individual have never been similar and they tend to remain the same from a person's birth until his death. An association between the three things of an individual that is prints of lips, fingers, and his blood group has been tried to be elucidated through the present research to aid in forensic identification.

The impact of time, environmental conditions, and sex on the degradation of bloody fingerprints on a glass surface

Dactyloscopy is the branch of forensics that deals with identifying individuals by analyzing the configurations of the friction ridges on the fingertips. The persistence and degradation of fingerprints depends on such factors as the individual's sex and BMI (body mass index) and the duration and conditions of their preservation. There is a great deal of information on how the passage of time affects the image of fingerprints composed of sebum and sweat, but little knowledge concerning the preservation of bloody fingerprints. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sex, the state of the blood forming the print (dry vs. fresh), environmental factors (room vs. outdoor conditions), and time on the width of friction ridge impressions in fingerprints. Fingerprints made with fresh blood were found to persist longest, while prints left by women and exposed to outdoor conditions degraded most rapidly. The ambient temperature also had a significant effect on the width of friction ridge impressions and their degradation.

Correlation and Comparison of Cheiloscopy and Dactyloscopy with Blood Groups – An Institutional Study

Background

The most crucial evidence that is left behind at the crime scenarios that might narrow down the suspect pool are lip prints and fingerprints. These are undoubtedly the most reliable and valuable evidence till date in the court of law. One more biological record that remains unchanged throughout the lifespan of a person is the blood group.

Aim and Objectives

To study, correlate and compare cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy with blood group among dental students in the Western Maharashtra population.

Materials and Methods

A total of 200 dental students with age groups ranging between 18-25 years were included in the study. Lip print pattern, fingerprint pattern and ABO blood groups were collected and compared. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyse the data.

Results

There was a statistically significant correlation between lip prints and ABO - Rh (χ² 37.56, P < 0.05) as well as between fingerprints and ABO-Rh blood groups (χ² 30.6, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hence, this study concluded that fingerprints-ABO blood group and lip prints-ABO blood groups are valuable evidence that can be relied upon in forensic investigations for the identification of the suspect in crime.

A novel chitosan/tripolyphosphate/L-lysine conjugates for latent fingerprints detection and enhancement

Most chemical and physical methods employed in visualizing latent marks have shown detrimental effects on human health and, therefore, some research groups have directed their attention to the utilization of various (bio)polymers with the aforementioned purpose. Although chitosan is widely used in medicine, pharmacy, food, and drug delivery systems, there are very few studies that address this biopolymer utilization in forensic applications, such as the detection of latent fingerprints. We used chitosan crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate and conjugated with L-lysine to enhance the visualization of latent fingerprints, due to its ability to interact with fingerprint sweat residues. These conjugates were prepared using different (w/w) amounts of chitosan and tripolyphosphate (6/1; 4/1; 1/1; 1/4; and 1/6), and those with the most promising results (i.e., 6/1 formulation) were investigated in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed interactions between components of the systems. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that prepared powder formulations were uniform in size and confirmed that chitosan/tripolyphosphate/lysine conjugates bind easily to the sweat and lipid residues present in the latent fingerprints. The testing of prepared conjugates demonstrated the potential of these systems as bio-based powder substitution for commercially available powders.

[The distribution of the main types of the papillary patterns on the distal phalanges of human fingers]

The present study included the investigation of the four main types of the papillary patterns on the distal phalanges of all the ten fingers. As many as three million fingerprint cards have been used for the first time. The investigation yielded the exact quantitative characteristics of the frequency of occurrence of various papillary patterns. The importance of these findings for dactyloscopy and dermatoglyphics is discussed.

Fingerprint Ridge Density as a Potential Forensic Anthropological Tool for Sex Identification

In cases of partial or poor print recovery and lack of database/suspect print, fingerprint evidence is generally neglected. In light of such constraints, this study was designed to examine whether ridge density can aid in narrowing down the investigation for sex identification. The study was conducted on the right-hand index digit of 245 males and 246 females belonging to the Punjabis of Delhi region. Five ridge density count areas, namely upper radial, radial, ulnar, upper ulnar, and proximal, were selected and designated. Probability of sex origin was calculated, and stepwise discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the discriminating ability of the selected areas. Females were observed with a significantly higher ridge density than males in all the five areas. Discriminant function analysis and logistic regression exhibited 96.8% and 97.4% accuracy, respectively, in sex identification. Hence, fingerprint ridge density is a potential tool for sex identification, even from partial prints.

Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy: Do they dictate personality patterns?

Context:

Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy, both are well-established forensic tools used in individual identification in any scenario be it a crime scene or civil cause. Like finger prints, lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual. But their relationship to personality types has not been established excepting the hypothesis stating that finger prints could explain these personality patterns.

Aims:

The study was aimed to record and correlate the lip and finger prints with that of character/personality of a person.

Settings and Design:

The lip and finger prints and character of a person were recorded and the data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample comprised of 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. For recording lip prints, brown/pink-colored lipstick was applied on the lips and the subjects were asked to spread uniformly over the lips. Lip prints were traced in the normal rest position on a plain white bond paper. For recording the finger prints, imprints of the fingers were taken on a plain white bond paper using ink pad. The collected prints were visualized using magnifying lens. To record the character of person, a pro forma manual for multivariable personality inventory by Dr. BC Muthayya was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied.

Results:

In males, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type I with whorls-type finger pattern and the character being ego ideal, pessimism, introvert, and dogmatic; whereas in females, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type II with loops-type finger pattern and the character being neurotic, need achievers, and dominant.

Conclusion:

Many studies on lip pattern, finger pattern, palatal rugae, etc., for individual identification and gender determination exist, but correlative studies are scanty. This is the first study done on correlating patterns, that is, lip and finger pattern with the character of a person. With this study we conclude that this correlation can be used as an adjunct in the investigatory process in forensic sciences.

Correlation between lip prints and finger prints in sex determination and pattern predominance in 5000 subjects

Fingerprints are considered to be the most reliable criteria for personal identification. In the past decades, lip-print studies (Cheiloscopy) attracted the attention of many scientists as a new tool for human identification in both civil and criminal issues. The present study was undertaken to observe the correlation between lip prints and finger print pattern in sex determination and to determine the pattern predominance in a sample of 5000 individuals. The study was carried out in 5000 individuals in Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, M.M. University, Mullana. Of the participants, 2500 were males and 2500 females. Lip prints and finger prints of the right hand were collected then studied and analyzed statistically. For lip prints TSUCHIHASHIS Y. classification (1970) was followed; HENRYS classification(1897) was followed for finger prints. Whorls were of a high frequency in males, but females presented with a high frequency of loops. Type I, I', II lip print pattern was most predominant in females while Type III and Type IV was most predominant in males. The present study described in detail that for both males and females, the most predominant lip-print patterns showed an association with the respective predominant finger print patterns. The establishment of a database of Cheiloscopy and Dactyloscopyis recommended for all individuals in a certain locality, which could be used as a reference in civil litigations and criminal cases. Such studies may be useful particularly in Forensic science and in justice.

Quality improvement of fingerprints of decayed corpses by local thanatopractical processing (Thanatoprint)

Thanatopractical processing allows morphological reconstruction of even advanced decayed bodies. By extracting fluids from the body's tissue antemortem tenseness and volume can be restored. If bodies are partly subject to thanatopractical processing in the hand region ("Thanatoprint"), fingerprints of high quality can be gathered even in cases of advanced decay. Without this treatment fingerprinting can be extremely difficult, if not impossible. Thanatopractical processing could be applied successfully in cases of partial to subtotal detachment of the epidermis as well. In an interdisciplinary study 400 fingerprints of bodies in various states of decay were examined after application of Thanatoprint. In 76.75% fingerprints were applicable for data entry into AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System); another 11.00% of the fingerprints could be used for the process of non-elimination. Further advantages of the method are low invasivity while maintaining the integrity of the corpse, less time- and material requirement as well as its long-lasting effect.

Utility of cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, and dactyloscopy for human identification in a defined cohort

Background:

Identification is of paramount importance in any forensic investigation. Positive identification of living or deceased using distinctive traits is a cornerstone of forensic science. The uniqueness of these patterns and subtle distinction between traits has offered worthy supplemental tools in establishing the true nature of facts.

Aim:

The first aim of our study was to determine the most common pattern of lip prints, palatal rugae, and finger prints in the study subjects. Secondly, to determine if any specific pattern of lip print, palatal rugae, or the finger print concurs in individuals, and thereby establish a database of these prototypes for human identification from a defined cohort.

Materials and Methods:

The sample size comprised 100 female students of a dental college staying together in the hostel. Lip prints were recorded on a white bond sheet using lipstick, palatal rugae on dental casts, and finger prints using printer's blue ink.

Results:

Our observation suggested that the reticular pattern of lip print, the wavy pattern of palatal rugae, and the loop pattern of finger prints were the predominant patterns. Correlation of the three parameters did not reveal significant differences.

Conclusions:

This approach of human identification utilizing conventional techniques and relevant parameters is pertinent in defined groups. However, larger representative sample with robust analytical tools may provide a necessary blueprint of human identification.