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Zhong L, Huang R, Gao L, Yue J, Zhao B, Nie L, Li L, Wu A, Zhang K, Meng Z, Cao G, Zhang H, Zang H. A Novel Variable Selection Method Based on Binning-Normalized Mutual Information for Multivariate Calibration. Molecules 2023; 28:5672. [PMID: 37570642 PMCID: PMC10419756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable (wavelength) selection is essential in the multivariate analysis of near-infrared spectra to improve model performance and provide a more straightforward interpretation. This paper proposed a new variable selection method named binning-normalized mutual information (B-NMI) based on information entropy theory. "Data binning" was applied to reduce the effects of minor measurement errors and increase the features of near-infrared spectra. "Normalized mutual information" was employed to calculate the correlation between each wavelength and the reference values. The performance of B-NMI was evaluated by two experimental datasets (ideal ternary solvent mixture dataset, fluidized bed granulation dataset) and two public datasets (gasoline octane dataset, corn protein dataset). Compared with classic methods of backward and interval PLS (BIPLS), variable importance projection (VIP), correlation coefficient (CC), uninformative variables elimination (UVE), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), B-NMI not only selected the most featured wavelengths from the spectra of complex real-world samples but also improved the stability and robustness of variable selection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Lele Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jianan Yue
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Bing Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Lei Nie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Lian Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Aoli Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kefan Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Jinan 250103, China; (Z.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Jinan 250103, China; (Z.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (L.Z.); (R.H.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (B.Z.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (A.W.); (K.Z.)
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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